An Overview of LoRa Localization Technologies  

作　　者：Huajiang Ruan Panjun Sun Yuanyuan Dong Hamid Tahaei Zhaoxi Fang 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Artificial Intelligence,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing,312000,China [2]Department of Computer Science and Engineering,School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing,312000,China

出　　处：《Computers, Materials & Continua》2025年第2期1645-1680,共36页计算机、材料和连续体(英文)

基　　金：supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under grant no.LGF22F010006;the Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Ministry of Education of China under grant no.22YJAZH016.

摘　　要：Traditional Global Positioning System(GPS)technology,with its high power consumption and limited perfor-mance in obstructed environments,is unsuitable for many Internet of Things(IoT)applications.This paper explores LoRa as an alternative localization technology,leveraging its low power consumption,robust indoor penetration,and extensive coverage area,which render it highly suitable for diverse IoT settings.We comprehensively review several LoRa-based localization techniques,including time of arrival(ToA),time difference of arrival(TDoA),round trip time(RTT),received signal strength indicator(RSSI),and fingerprinting methods.Through this review,we evaluate the strengths and limitations of each technique and investigate hybrid models to potentially improve positioning accuracy.Case studies in smart cities,agriculture,and logistics exemplify the versatility of LoRa for indoor and outdoor applications.Our findings demonstrate that LoRa technology not only overcomes the limitations of GPS regarding power consumption and coverage but also enhances the scalability and efficiency of IoT deployments in complex environments.

关 键 词：LoRa localization IOT TDOA RSSI application hybrid models 

分 类 号：TN925[电子电信—通信与信息系统]