地缘政治视角下日本参与北极治理的新困境  

Japan's New Dilemmas in Arctic Governance from a Geopolitical Perspective

作　　者：陈起飞[1] CHEN Qifei(College of Foreign Language Studies,Hebei Agrculture University,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学外国语学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2025年第1期14-30,共17页Japanese Research

基　　金：河北省教育厅高等学校科学研究项目(QN2025471)。

摘　　要：日本作为能源消费大国,其传统能源的进口与运输途径因中东等政治风险因素面临极大不确定性。北极圈内蕴藏的大量油气资源及北极航道的开通,对日本具有重大的战略意义。同时,北极环境的快速变化也将对日本的气候、渔业、航运等多个领域产生显著影响。由于非北极国家的身份限制以及北极理事会制度上的约束,日本长期以来在北极治理事务中不能拥有决策权,遭遇着多重传统困境。俄乌战争爆发后,北极地区地缘政治结构出现了显著的分裂。一方面,日本与拥有更多北极航道掌控权及丰富能源的俄罗斯合作的停滞,以及与近北极伙伴中韩等国合作步伐的放缓,使其在实现参与北极治理的国家根本利益方面又陷入了新的困境。另一方面,日本虽进一步加强了与美国在北极安全战略方面的深度合作,并采取多元化立体参与治理模式积极与北欧诸国建立了更为紧密的合作关系,但这些举措对于日本解决新困境效果甚微,反而将日本推向海洋军事化的安全困境。As a major energy-consuming nation,Japan's traditional energy imports and transportation routes are subject to significant uncertainty due to political risks in regions such as the Middle East.The abundant oil and gas resources in the Arctic,along with the development and utilization of its shipping lanes,hold vital strategic significance for Japan.Concurrently,the rapid environmental changes in the Arctic are poised to significantly affect various sectors in Japan,including climate,fisheries,and maritime transport.Due to its non-Arctic state status and the constraints of the Arctic Council's system,Japan has long been unable to have decision-making power in Arctic governance affairs and has long encountered multiple difficulties.Following the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict,the geopolitical landscape of the Arctic has undergone severe fragmentation.The halt in Japan's cooperation with Russia,which wields significant control over Arctic shipping routes and possesses abundant energy resources,coupled with the deceleration of its collaborative pace with near-Arctic partners like China and South Korea,has plunged Japan into a fresh set of challenges in realizing its fundamental national interests in Arctic governance.On another note,Japan has intensified its deep cooperation with the United States on Arctic security strategies and has adopted a diversified and multifaceted approach to governance,thereby forging closer cooperative ties with Nordic countries.Nevertheless,these initiatives remain insufficient in resolving Japan's new predicaments,and instead push Japan towards the security dilemma of maritime militarization.

关 键 词：地缘政治 北极治理 日本海洋战略 外交困境 

分 类 号：D73[政治法律—政治学] D77[政治法律—中外政治制度]