轮奸的教义学新解  

A New Interpretation of the Doctrine of Gang Rape

作　　者：马荣春 Ma Rongchun

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2025年第1期44-56,共13页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

摘　　要：轮奸一直是刑法理论和司法实务中争议较大的问题同时又富有理论与实践价值。强奸是否亲手犯以及是否复行为犯从根本上影响了轮奸的认定而需予以铺垫性解答。不能从奸淫行为本身的不可替代性甚至在强奸罪与强制猥亵罪的对比中,得出强奸罪是亲手犯的结论。立于强奸罪存在间接正犯与共同犯罪的客观事实,强奸罪只能是非亲手犯。由于手段行为对法益侵害及其对罪质的决定性,强奸罪应视为复行为犯。在定性上,立于法教义学应将轮奸同时视为强奸罪的共同实行犯、情节加重犯和加重的犯罪构成,而从刑事政策等理由,得不出轮奸是强奸罪结果加重犯的结论。而在现实生活中,轮奸可形成间接正犯型轮奸、片面型轮奸和承继型轮奸等特殊类型,且可予以因果性描述。轮奸的犯罪停止形态可在先证成轮奸未遂之后而顺势肯定轮奸中止,从而轮奸未遂、轮奸中止和轮奸既遂便构成了轮奸犯罪停止形态的基本包含。在轮奸的犯罪停止形态中,因果性理论可得到新的运用,而在从犯制度、未遂犯与中止犯制度等“加持”下,“部分实行全部责任”和经修正得来的“部分既遂全部既遂”等责任原则仍应得到坚持且予充分落实。从强奸罪是否亲手犯等到轮奸的基本定性和特殊类型再到犯罪停止形态,轮奸的讨论是层层递进和步步深入的。Gang rape has always been a controversial issue in criminal law theory and judicial practice,rich in theoretical and practical value.Whether rape is committed personally and whether it is a repeated offense fundamentally affect the determination of gang rape and require a preparatory answer.It cannot be inferred that rape is committed personally from the irreplaceability of the act of rape itself or even from the comparison between the crime of rape and the crime of coercion.Based on the objective fact that there are indirect principals and accomplices in the crime of rape,rape can only be committed non-personally.Based on the determination of the means of action on the infringement of legal interests and its decisive impact on the nature of the crime,rape should be considered a repeated offense.In terms of classification,based on the legal doctrine,gang rape should be regarded as a joint perpetrator of rape,an aggravated offense,and an aggravated criminal offense.However,for reasons of criminal policy,it cannot be concluded that gang rape is a result of aggravated rape.In real life,gang rape can form special types such as indirect principal gang rape,unilateral gang rape,and successive gang rape,and can be described causally.The form of crime cessation of gang rape can be affirmed after proving attempted gang rape,thus attempted gang rape,gang rape cessation,and gang rape all constitute the basic content of the form of crime cessation of gang rape.In the form of crime cessation of gang rape,the theory of causality can be applied in a new way,and under the"blessing"of the system of accomplices,attempted offenders,and ceased offenders,principles such as"partial execution of all responsibilities"and"one person fully succeeded in all successes"should still be adhered to and fully implemented.From the discussion of whether rape is committed personally to the basic classification and special types of gang rape,and then to the form of crime cessation,the discussion of gang rape is progressive and deepening step by step

关 键 词：轮奸 强奸罪 情节加重犯 轮奸未遂 因果性 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]