美国少年司法制度考察及其思考  

American Juvenile Justice System:Examinations and Reflections

作　　者：吴羽[1] 王昕[1] Wu Yu;Wang Xin

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2025年第1期131-148,共18页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“未成年人罪错行为处理专门立法研究”(项目编号:23BFX176)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：美国少年司法发展历程大体经历了绝对保护期、相对保护期、强硬政策期和反思变革期四个阶段,尽管在未成年人犯罪高发时会倾向严罚立场,但总体上保护主义仍是其基本价值立场。在实体规则层面,年龄上限、年龄下限和延长年限成为确定未成年人刑事责任的重要因素,同时构建了有别于成人犯的刑罚措施体系以及种类繁多的保护处分措施体系;在程序规则方面,强调少年法院在处理未成年人罪错案件中的关键作用,并且逐步形成了较为固定的少年司法程序。我国未成年人司法的进一步发展,应当从坚持未成年人司法保护主义的价值取向、健全罪错未成年人分级干预制度、完善未成年人罪错行为专门处理程序、加强未成年人专门机构与社会支持体系建设以及制定“未成年人司法法”等方面展开。The development of the American juvenile justice system has roughly gone through four stages:"absolute protection period","relative protection period","get-tough period",and"reflection period".Although the system tends to lean towards severe punishment when juvenile delinquency is at a high level,protectionism is still the basic value of the juvenile justice system in general.From the perspective of the substantive rules,the"upper age limit","lower age limit",and"extended age limit"have become important factors in determining the criminal responsibility of juveniles,and at the same time,a system of penal measures has been constructed that is different from that of adults,as well as a wide range of unique protective measures.With regard to the procedural rules,the key role of juvenile courts in dealing with juvenile delinquency cases has been emphasized,and more fixed procedural rules for juvenile justice have gradually been formed.The further development of juvenile justice in China should be promoted by adhering to the value orientation of juvenile justice protectionism,improving the system of Graded Intervention Mechanism for the Juvenile Delinquents,perfecting the specialized handling procedures for juvenile delinquency,strengthening the construction of specialized institutions and social support systems for juvenile,and formulating juvenile justice laws.

关 键 词：美国少年司法制度 未成年人犯罪 保护主义 实体规则 程序规则 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]