生草对滇中苹果园土壤酶活性和微生物群落多样性的影响  

Effects of Grass Cultivation on Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Community Diversity of Apple Orchards in Dianzhong Area of China

作　　者：杨金鹏 牟兰 仇嘉悦 吴宗烨 张鑫亮 张美艳[2] 蔡明[2] 黄必志[2] YANG Jin-peng;MU Lan;QIU Jia-yue;WU Zong-ye;ZHANG Xin-liang;ZHANG Mei-yan;CAI Ming;HUANG Bi-zhi(Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan Province 650201,China;Academy of Grassland and Animal Science,Kunming,Yunnan Province 650212,China;College of Landscape and Horticulture,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan Province 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省草地动物科学研究院,云南昆明650212 [3]西南林业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《草地学报》2025年第2期419-428,共10页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：云南省院士专家工作站(202305AF150154);兴滇英才支持计划(云人社通〔2022〕51号);云南省乡村振兴科技专项(202304BI090032-46)项目共同资助。

摘　　要：为探究不同生草处理对滇中苹果园土壤酶活性和微生物群落多样性的影响。本研究选取南方果园常见的光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa),菊苣(Cichorium intybus)和鼠茅草(Vulpia myuros)3种牧草,以自然生草(CK1)和清耕(每月人工除草一次,CK2)处理为对照,测定0~30 cm耕层土壤酶活性及微生物群落多样性。结果表明,与清耕相比,人工生草改善了土壤理化性状。光叶紫花苕处理土壤过氧化氢酶,蔗糖酶和脲酶活性显著提高,增幅分别为12.70%,45.30%,45.45%。土壤微生物群落数量以菊苣处理提升显著,细菌数量增幅为42.76%(较CK1),49.02%(较CK2);真菌数量增幅为49.76%(较CK1),42.28%(较CK2)。土壤微生物中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和子囊菌门(Ascomycota)占据主导地位,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)主导了酶活性对土壤酸碱度的响应。此外,土壤含水量、pH、全氮及全钾含量是影响滇中苹果园土壤养分及酶活性的重要因子。To investigate the impacts of different grass cultivation treatments on soil enzyme activities and micro⁃bial community diversity of apple orchards in Dianzhong area,we selected three common forage species in southern China,including Vicia villosa,Cichorium intybus,and Vulpia myuros,with natural grass(CK1)and clean tillage(with monthly manual weeding,CK2)as controls.Soil enzyme activities and microbial com⁃munity diversity were assessed in the 0-30 cm soil layer.The results showed that compared with CK2,artificial grass improved the soil physicochemical properties.The Vicia villosa treatment showed the most significant increase in soil catalase,sucrase,and urease activities by 12.70%,45.30%,and 45.45%,respectively.Moreover,The population size of soil microbial communities significantly increased in Cichorium intybus treat⁃ment,and the number of bacteria increased by 42.76%(compared with CK1)and 49.02%(compared with CK2),and the number of fungi increased by 49.76%(compared with CK1)and 42.28%(compared with CK2).In conclusion,Proteobacteria and Ascomycota dominated soil microorganisms,while Actinobacteria and Acidobacteriota dominated the responses of enzyme activity to soil pH.Additionally,soil moisture con⁃tent,pH,total nitrogen and total potassium content were important factors affecting soil nutrient and enzyme activities in apple orchards in Dianzhong area.

关 键 词：果园生草 土壤理化性状 土壤酶活性 土壤微生物 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]