阿勒泰地区草地植物丰度与地上生物量分布特征及其影响因素  

Changes of Species Richness and Productivity of Grasslands and its Influence Factors in Altay Region of Xinjiang,China

作　　者：惠婷婷 郑红玉 范连连[1,3] 毛洁菲 马学喜 李耀明[1,3,4] HUI Ting-ting;ZHENG Hong-yu;FAN Lian-lian;MAO Jie-fei;MA Xue-xi;LI Yao-ming(Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China;Barkol Forestry andSteppe Workstation,Barkol,Xinjiang 839200,China;Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia,Chinese Academy ofSciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆巴里坤县林业和草原工作站,新疆巴里坤839200 [3]中国科学院中亚生态与环境研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《草地学报》2025年第2期586-595,共10页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42077327);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0603)资助。

摘　　要：为应对气候变化和人类活动加剧对新疆阿勒泰地区草地生态系统结构功能的影响,促进该区域草地生态系统的可持续发展。本研究基于2022年61个样点共183个野外1 m×1 m样方调查,结合气候与环境因子数据,探究了阿勒泰地区草地物种丰富度(Species richness,SR)和地上生物量(Aboveground biomass,AGB)分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:本次调查共记录植物183种,分属35科121属,禾本科、菊科、蔷薇科为阿勒泰地区草地优势科。SR和AGB随着纬度或海拔的升高显著增加,北部山区SR高于南部荒漠区,且二者与年均降水量、年均温度显著相关。SR与土壤C/N、C/P显著正相关,AGB与土壤化学计量比无显著相关关系。RDA分析结果表明纬度对阿勒泰地区草地SR和AGB的解释率最大,为24.1%,其次为气温年较差、年均温度、年均降水量和经度,解释率分别为8.7%,6.1%,5.4%和4.2%。综上,新疆阿勒泰地区草地植物群落物种资源较丰富,SR和AGB分布主要受经纬度、气温年较差、年均温度、年均降水量的影响,未来还需进一步量化放牧强度的影响。Based on field investigation conducted in 2022,this study combined climate and environmental data to explore the distribution characteristics of grassland species richness(SR)and above-ground biomass(AGB)in the Altay region of Xinjiang.SR and AGB were measured in the total of 1831 m×1 m quadrats at 61 field sites among different grassland types.The results exhibited that the total of 183 plant species,belonging to 35 families and 121 genera,were recorded,indicating a relative richness of plant species composition.Gramineae,Asteraceae,and Rosaceae were identified as the dominant families in the Altay region of Xinjiang.SR was higher in the north part of the mountainous areas compared to the south part of deserts.SR and AGB of grass⁃land plants had a significant increase with increasing latitude or elevation which caused the heterogeneity of hydrothermal factors,and this further exhibited the correlation between SR,AGB and mean annual precipitation,mean annual temperature.In addition,SR showed a significant positive correlation with soil stoichiomet⁃ric ratios(C/N,C/P),while AGB had no significant correlation with any of the soil stoichiometric ratios.Redundancy analysis(RDA)revealed that latitude had the highest explanation of 24.1%for the SR and AGB changes among grasslands in the Altay region of Xinjiang,following by annual range of temperature,mean annual temperature,mean annual precipitation and longitude with explanation rates of 8.7%,6.1%,5.4%and 4.2%,respectively.In conclusion,grassland plant communities in the Altay region of Xinjiang exhibited rich species resources,and the distribution pattern of SR and AGB was mainly influenced by latitude,longi⁃tude,annual range of temperature,mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation.However,the impact of grazing intensity required further quantification in future studies.

关 键 词：物种丰富度 地上生产力 地形因子 水热因子 土壤化学计量比 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]