硅藻矿粉和玻尿酸废液对紫花苜蓿减肥和耐旱效果的研究  

Effects of Diatomite Powder and Hyaluronic Acid Waste on Fertilizer Reduc⁃tion and Drought Tolerance of Alfalfa

作　　者：王涛 梁红怡 王显 许钊 商建英 李彦明[1] 陈清[1] 崔建宇[1] 常瑞雪[1] WANG Tao;LIANG Hong-yi;WANG Xian;XU Zhao;SHANG Jian-ying;LI Yanming;CHEN Qing;CUI Jian-yu;CHANG Rui-xue(College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《草地学报》2025年第2期618-629,共12页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项项目(2023YFE0104700);内蒙古自治区科技兴蒙项目(2021EED⁃SCXSFQZD011)资助。

摘　　要：为解决肥料过量以及草地干旱问题,本文以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L)(‘中苜一号’)为供试作物,在常规和缺水条件下通过比较紫花苜蓿的株高、分枝数、叶面积等生长指标并检测土壤基本养分、土壤酶活以及紫花苜蓿酶活的变化,探究了硅藻矿粉替代有机肥的可能比例及其对土壤及紫花苜蓿生长的影响,同时设置叶面喷施稀释后的玻尿酸废液处理组,在生长过程中测量分析硅藻矿粉以及玻尿酸废液对土壤施肥效果和紫花苜蓿耐旱性能的影响。结果表明,在不影响作物生长的前提下,硅藻矿粉最多可以减少羊粪有机肥10%的使用,其中碱解氮含量高于只施加羊粪有机肥组(90.91 mg·kg^(-1));在干旱条件下,20%硅藻矿粉替代有机肥在株高、分枝数、叶片数、叶面积以及叶绿素含量都显现出优势,其中紫花苜蓿的生长状况以及耐旱性与只施用羊粪有机肥的处理组效果没有显著差异或更为优越。因此,干旱条件下推荐硅藻矿粉替代比例为20%。玻尿酸废液的施用可以提高紫花苜蓿的养分利用效率,但是对于生长状况和耐旱性的影响效果并不显著。In order to solve the problem of excessive fertilizer used and drought stress of grassland,alfalfa(Medicago sativa cv.Zhongmu No.1)was used as the experimental grass,with the aim to investigate the pos⁃sible proportion of diatomite powder replacing sheep manure organic fertilizer(recorded as“organic fertilizer”below)and its effects on soil and alfalfa growth,by comparing the growth indexes such as plant height,number of branches,and leaf area,as well as detecting the changes of soil basic nutrients,soil enzyme activities and alfalfa enzyme activities under normal and water-scarce conditions.At the same time,treatments with hyal⁃uronic acid were set up to analyze its effects on soil fertilization effect and alfalfa's drought tolerance during plant growth.The results showed that under the premise of not affecting crop growth,diatomite powder could reduce the use of organic fertilizer by up to 10%,in which the alkaline nitrogen content was higher than that of the group with only sheep manure organic fertilizer applied(90.91mg·kg^(-1)).Under drought conditions,the replacement of organic fertilizers by 20%diatomite powder showed advantages in the plant height,number of branches,number of leaves,leaf area,and chlorophyll content,leaf area and chlorophyll content all showed advantages,in which the growth condition and drought tolerance of alfalfa were not much different or more supe⁃rior to the treatment group with only sheep manure organic fertilizer applied.Therefore,the recommended replacement rate of diatomite powder under drought conditions is 20%.The application of hyaluronic acid waste solution can improve the nutrient utilization efficiency of alfalfa,but the effects on the growth condition and drought tolerance is not significant.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 干旱胁迫 土壤调理剂 硅藻矿粉 玻尿酸废液 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]