长白山阔叶红松林物种多样性格局及其尺度效应  

Patterns of Species Diversity and Itʼs Scale Effects in the Broad-Leaved Korean Pine Forests of Changbai Mountain

作　　者：吴晓煜 赵秀海[1] Wu Xiaoyu;Zhao Xiuhai(Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学国家林业和草原局森林经营工程技术研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《林业科学》2025年第2期40-49,共10页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2201003)。

摘　　要：【目的】基于单物种-面积模型(ISAR)探讨长白山阔叶红松林物种多样性格局及其尺度效应,以期阐明阔叶红松林群落结构及物种多样性维持机制,并为生物多样性保护和森林管理提供参考。【方法】本研究基于40 hm2阔叶红松林固定监测样地的植被调查数据,采用ISAR模型分析目标树种在0~50 m尺度上对邻域物种丰富度的影响,并通过同质性和异质性泊松零模型检验其显著性。此外,将所有树木个体按胸径划分为小径级(5 cm≤DBH<20 cm)、中径级(20 cm≤DBH<40 cm)和大径级(DBH≥40 cm),分析不同径级个体对邻域物种丰富度的影响,并使用异质性泊松零模型检验其显著性。【结果】1)优势树种邻域的物种多样性较低。2)生境过滤在0~10 m的尺度上作用不显著,在11~50 m尺度对群落的物种多样性结构有显著影响。3)在0~30 m尺度范围内,不同树种的邻域物种多样性随研究尺度变化具有不同的表现,在31~50 m的尺度上,大多数树种主要表现为多样性中性种。4)大、中、小径级个体都在0~10 m的尺度上对邻域物种多样性有促进作用,小径级个体可达14 m。在21~50 m的尺度上,中、小径级个体以促进作用为主,大径级个体以中性作用为主。5)不同径级中的物种的多样性结构在0~20 m尺度上有差异,受物种径级影响,在21~50 m尺度上没有差异,均以多样性中性种为主。6)在0~10 m尺度上,径级较大的个体对邻域较小径级中的物种的不对称性竞争作用效果不显著,不对称性竞争作用主要表现在14~20 m的尺度上,径级差越大效果越显著。【结论】长白山阔叶红松林群落的物种多样性格局受生境过滤、树种特性、径级结构和种间竞争的共同影响,具有显著的尺度效应。在森林经营过程中,应考虑不同尺度上的生态学过程,合理配置树种和径级结构,促进物种生态位分化和减少不对称竞争,以提高森林的生物多样性和资源利【Objective】This paper explores the pattern of species diversity and its scale effects in the Changbai Mountain broad-leaved Korean pine forest based on the individual species-area relationship(ISAR)model.The objective is to gain a deeper understanding of the community structure and the mechanisms maintaining species diversity in broad-leaved Korean pine forests,and to provide a scientific basis for biodiversity conservation and forest management.【Method】This study utilized vegetation survey data from a 40-hectare fixed monitoring plot of a broad-leaved Korean pine forest and employed the ISAR model to analyze the impact of target tree species on neighborhood species richness at scales of 0−50 m.The significance of these effects was tested using homogeneous and heterogeneous Poissonʼs null models.Furthermore,all tree individuals were categorized by diameter at breast height(DBH)into small-diameter class(5 cm≤DBH<20 cm),medium-diameter class(20cm≤DBH<40 cm),and large-diameter class(DBH≥40 cm).The impact of individuals of different diameter classes on neighborhood species richness was analyzed in detail,with significance tested using the heterogeneous Poissonʼs null model.【Result】1)The species diversity in the neighborhoods of dominant tree species is relatively low.2)Habitat filtering is not significant at the scale of 0−10 m but significantly affects community species diversity structure at the scale of 11−50 m.3)Within the scale range of 0−30 m,different tree species exhibit different patterns at varying research scales.At the scale of 31−50 m,most tree species predominantly act as diversity neutral species.4)Individuals of large,medium,and small diameter classes promote neighborhood species diversity at the scale of 0−10 m,with the small-diameter class having an effect extending up to 14 m.At the scale of 21−50 m,small and medium-diameter individuals mainly exhibit facilitative effects,while large-diameter individuals predominantly show neutral effects.5)The diversity structure

关 键 词：单物种-面积关系 生境过滤 径级效应 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]