低氮下小黑杨×欧洲黑杨杂交子代苗期性状遗传变异和选择  

Genetic Variation and Selection of Seedling Traits in the Progeny of Populus simonigra×P.nigra under Low Nitrogen Condition

作　　者：王天欣 牛晋鸿 曹明嵘 刘成功 李金花[1] Wang Tianxin;Niu Jinhong;Cao Mingrong;Liu Chenggong;Li Jinhua(Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing 100091)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所、林木遗传育种全国重点实验室、国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091

出　　处：《林业科学》2025年第2期142-151,共10页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2200301)。

摘　　要：【目的】探析低氮胁迫下杨树杂交子代苗期性状适应性,筛选耐低氮能力强的优良基因型,为选育速生、适应性强的耐低氮性杨树新品种提供理论依据。【方法】以226个小黑杨×欧洲黑杨杂交子代为试验材料,利用温室盆栽方法,在低氮(LN)和正常供氮(NN)处理条件下,测定生长、叶片形态、叶绿素荧光参数和氮同位素参数性状,基于线性混合模型的限制最大似然/最佳线性无偏预测(REML/BLUP),分析性状遗传变异和估算遗传参数及育种值,利用多性状指数MGIDI法,对杂交子代进行基因型排序,综合评价供试杂交子代适应性。【结果】生长和叶片形态性状均值在两组供氮水平间差异显著,且LN﹤NN,大多数性状基因型效应为显著,基因型与供氮处理环境的交互效应(G×E)均为极显著,而叶绿素荧光参数的基因型和G×E效应均不显著。性状广义遗传力(h2g)、均值遗传力(h2gm)和遗传变异系数(CVg)分别小于0.38、0.56和22.30%。利用生长和形态性状育种值和氮同位素参数观测值,进行主成分分析(PCA)并提取前4个主成分(特征值﹥1,占总方差的84.10%)进行因子分析(FA),4个因子(FA1、FA2、FA3和FA4)分别反映了生长、叶片形态、氮同位素组成和氮同位素含量的信息,获得MGIDI多性状指数,并对杂交子代进行基因型排序,以选择强度20%筛选出了排名前42个子代基因型,其性状遗传增益为2.00%~16.50%,其中有7个、8个、7个和3个基因型分别在生长、叶片形态、氮同位素组合和氮同位素含量上表现出优势。【结论】在低氮胁迫条件对杨树杂交子代苗期生长、叶片形态和生理性状均具有显著抑制作用,生长和叶片形态性状受遗传因素和环境交互作用的影响显著,多性状指数综合评价筛选出的基因型,耐低氮适应性强,可用于耐低氮杨树新品种选育。【Objective】The aim of this study is to investigate the adaptation of seedling traits in the progeny of poplar hybrids under low nitrogen stress,and to screen for excellent genotypes with strong low nitrogen tolerance,in order to provide theoretical basis for breeding new poplar varieties with fast growth and strong adaptability to low nitrogen environment.【Method】Using the potting method in greenhouse,a total of 226 hybrids from the crossing between Populus simonigra and P.nigra were used as experimental material to determine growth,leaf morphology,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and nitrogen isotope parameters traits under low nitrogen(LN)and normal nitrogen(NN)treatments.The Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction(REML/BLUP)based on the linear mixed model was used to analyze genetic variation and the estimation of genetic parameters including breeding values.The multi-trait selection based multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index(MGIDI)was used to rank the genotypes of the hybrid progeny and to comprehensively evaluate the adaptability of the hybrid progeny to the experiment.【Result】The mean values of growth and leaf morphological traits differed significantly between the two groups of N supply levels,with LN﹤NN.For most of these above traits,the genotype effects were significant among the progeny,and the interaction effect(G×E)between genotype and nitrogen-supplying treatment environment was extremely significant,whereas neither genotype effects nor G×E effects were significant for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.Broad sense heritability(),mean heritability(),and coefficient of genetic variation(CVg)of the traits were less than 0.38,0.56 and 22.30%,respectively.The principal component analysis(PCA)was conducted on the breeding values of growth and morphological traits,as well as the observed values of nitrogen isotope parameters.The first four principal components(FA)with their eigenvalues above 1 were extracted for factor analysis,accounting for 84.10%of total

关 键 词：杨树 低氮 最佳线性无偏预测 育种值 多性状基因型-理想型距离指数 多性状选择 

分 类 号：S722.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]