优秀男子200m自由泳运动员竞速结构特征  

Characteristics of Speed Structure of Excellent Men's 200-meter Freestyle Athletes

作　　者：潘旭 杨帆 晋勋 高庆 张瀛月 侯瑶 刘功聚 PAN Xu;YANG Fan;JIN Xun;GAO Qing;ZHANG Ying-yue;HOU Yao;LIU Gong-ju(Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sports Science,General Administration of Sport,Zhejiang College of Sports,Hangzhou 311231,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局水上运动科学重点实验室,浙江体育职业技术学院,浙江杭州311231

出　　处：《浙江体育科学》2025年第2期99-105,共7页Zhejiang Sport Science

基　　金：浙江省科学技术厅“尖兵领雁+X”研发攻关计划(2024C03260);浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y202351473)。

摘　　要：目的:构建男子200m自由泳全程竞速模型,为游泳训练、竞赛提供参考,提升竞速策略科学性。方法:运用SPSS22.0对各分段成绩、各技术环节成绩进行统计分析,运用回归分析构建竞速模型;结果:①优秀男子200m自由泳运动员的游速呈现“波浪式”变化,起始阶段游速迅速攀升,随后趋于平稳,后半程体能消耗导致游速下降,最后冲刺游速再次提升。分段游速变化率显示,起始阶段游速变化率最大,对全程贡献显著,其他分段游速变化率相对较小,有转身的分段游速变化率呈现增长趋势,后半程分段游速变化率多为负值。②不同技术环节(出发、途中游、转身、冲刺)的成绩及游速均呈现出递减趋势,转身环节是提升游速的关键,冲刺阶段运动员全力冲刺,游速变化率为正。③通过线性回归方程,揭示了总成绩与各技术环节成绩之间的线性关系,建立男子200m自由泳全程竞速结构模型。结论:①优秀男子200m自由泳运动员的竞速结构呈现出明显的阶段性特征,出发阶段快速启动,途中游阶段保持速度,转身阶段加速,冲刺阶段全力冲刺。运动员需要在全程中合理分配体能,特别是在后半程和冲刺阶段,要保持良好的体能和竞技状态。②教练和运动员可参照竞速结构模型,根据训练的竞速数据或目标成绩,制定针对性的训练计划,优化竞速策略,提升竞技水平。Objective:To construct a comprehensive speed model for men’s 200m freestyle swimming,providing reference for swimming training and competitions,and enhancing the scientific nature of racing strategies.Methods:SPSS22.0 was used to conduct statistical analysis on the performance of each segment and each technical aspect,and regression analysis was employed to build a speed model.Results:①The swimming speed of elite male 200m freestyle swimmers showed a“wavelike”variation,rapidly increasing in the initial stage and then stabilizing.The speed declined in the latter half due to physical exhaustion,but increased again during the final sprint.The rate of speed change in the initial stage was the highest,significantly contributing to the overall race,while the rate of speed change in other segments was relatively small.The rate of speed change in segments involving turns showed an increasing trend,and most of the rate of speed change in the latter half was negative.②The performance and swimming speed of different technical aspects(start,mid-race,turn,and sprint)all showed a decreasing trend.The turn phase was crucial for increasing speed,and athletes sprinted at full effort during the sprint phase,with a positive rate of speed change.③Through the linear regression equation,the linear relationship between total performance and the performance of each technical aspect was revealed,establishing a comprehensive speed structure model for men’s 200m freestyle swimming.Conclusion:①The racing structure of elite male 200m freestyle swimmers exhibited obvious stage characteristics,with a quick start,maintaining speed during mid-race,accelerating during turns,and full sprint during the final phase.Athletes need to allocate their physical energy reasonably throughout the race,especially in the latter half and the sprint phase,to maintain good physical condition and competitive state.②Coaches and athletes can refer to the racing structure model to develop targeted training plans based on racing data or target perfor

关 键 词：男子自由泳 200m 竞速结构 模型构建 

分 类 号：G861.11[文化科学—体育训练]