中国主要含油气盆地负压分布特征及成因机制  

Distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of negative pressure in main petroliferous basins of China

作　　者：程付启[1,2] 张嘉骏 杨贵丽[3] 林腊梅[1,2] 丁奎升 CHENG Fuqi;ZHANG Jiajun;YANG Guili;LIN Lamei;DING Kuisheng(School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao,Shandong 266580,China;State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao,Shandong 266580,China;SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Hanneng Hydrocarbon Source Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,山东青岛266580 [2]中国石油大学(华东)深层油气全国重点实验室,山东青岛266580 [3]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [4]北京瀚能烃源科技有限公司,北京102400

出　　处：《中国海上油气》2025年第1期39-49,共11页China Offshore Oil and Gas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“页岩层系碳酸盐结核微生物诱导机制及其古环境重建意义(编号:41902128)”;中央高校基本科研专项“地层温压演化过程对油气成藏的影响(编号:15CX02003A)”部分研究成果。

摘　　要：地层负压成因与分布研究对油气成藏研究及有利区预测具有指导意义。为了揭示中国含油气盆地负压分布特征,利用10个盆地23个构造的2600余组负压数据,分析了中国主要含油气盆地负压成因及其分布特征。结果表明:(1)中国含油气盆地普遍存在负压发育区,发育层段主要在中生界以上,深度范围在100~5000 m,构造位置以隆起和斜坡为主,压力系数最小仅有0.45,总体上从西部盆地到东部盆地负压分布具有层系变新、深度增加、强度增大的规律;(2)负压成因类型包括构造、成岩和流体散失3种,西部挤压盆地、中部克拉通盆地和隆起区负压主要为构造成因,发育深度小;东部盆地、盆地斜坡和向斜带负压主要为成岩和流体散失成因,发育深度较大。(3)负压成因差异是控制不同盆地、不同埋深、不同构造位置负压发育强度差异的主要因素。上述成果和认识对含油气盆地负压分布预测及油气成藏动力分析具有指导意义。The research on formation mechanism and distribution characteristics of negative pressure in strata is of guiding significance for studying oil and gas reservoirs and predicting oil and gas accumulation areas.In order to reveal the distribution characteristics of negative pressure in petroliferous basins of China,more than 2600 sets of negative pressure data from 10 basins including 23 structure units were used.The formation mechanism and distribution characteristics of negative pressure in the main petroliferous basins of China were analyzed.Conclusions can be drawn as follows:①Negative pressure is generally developed in petroliferous basins of China,with development intervals mainly above the Mesozoic and depths ranging from 100 to 5000 m.The structural positions are mainly uplifts and slopes,and the minimum pressure coefficient can reach 0.45.Generally,the distribution of negative pressure from the western basin to the eastern basin follows a pattern of layer renewal,depth increase,and strength enhancement.②The types of negative pressure formation include structure,diagenesis,and dissipation.Negative pressure in western compressional basins,central craton basins,and uplift areas is mainly caused by structure,with a lower development depth.Negative pressure in eastern basins,slopes,and synclinal zones is mainly caused by diagenesis and dissipation,with large development depth.③The formation differences of negative pressure are the main factors controlling the intensity of negative pressure developmentin different basins,depths and structural positions.The results above are of guiding significance to the prediction of negative pressure and the dynamic analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation in petroliferous basins.

关 键 词：负压 分布特征 成因机制 中国含油气盆地 

分 类 号：TE121.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]