防热材料烧蚀后退量实时测量系统设计  

Design of Real Time Measurement System for Ablation Retreat of Thermal Protection Materials

作　　者：李玉姬 王青春[1] Li Yuji;Wang Qingchun(College of Engineering,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2025年第2期121-125,共5页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

摘　　要：在研究热防护结构性能时,需要对防热材料的烧蚀后退量进行测量,以便对其合理性进行评估。目前的烧蚀后退量测量系统还缺乏成熟产品,难以同时解决耐高温、热冲击、同步烧蚀和高效隔热等难题。针对这些问题,设计了一款基于断线传感器的体积小、采集速率高、精度高的烧蚀后退量实时测量系统。利用烧蚀过程中,高温将烧蚀材料中埋入的金属导线依次熔断,外电路断开,输出电压发生改变的原理,实现烧蚀后退量和电压之间的转换。设计了能够烧蚀同步的断线传感器,使用电磁屏蔽盒、低通滤波减轻电磁干扰,使用LabVIEW设计了能处理高速数据流的上位机。详细说明了系统的工作原理、外部元件、内部电路、控制程序、上位机界面设计。通过风洞烧蚀试验,准确获得了防热材料实时烧蚀后退量数据,验证了系统的可行性。When studying the performance of thermal protection structures,the ablative regression of thermal protection materials should be measured in order to evaluate its rationality.At present,the ablative regression measurement system lacks mature products,and it is difficult to solve the problems of high temperature resistance,thermal shock,synchronous ablative and efficient heat insulation at the same time.To solve these problems,a real-time measurement system based on wire break sensor with small volume,high acquisition rate and high precision is designed.In the process of ablation,the metal wire buried in the ablation material is fused at high temperature,the external circuit is disconnected,and the output voltage is changed,and the conversion between the ablation regression and voltage is realized.A line break sensor capable of ablation synchronization is designed.Electromagnetic shielding box and low-pass filter are used to reduce electromagnetic interference.A host computer capable of processing high-speed data flow is designed using LabVIEW.The working principle,external components,internal circuit,control program and upper computer interface design of the system are described in detail.Through the ablation test in the wind tunnel,the real time ablation regression data of the thermal protection material is obtained accurately,and the feasibility of the system is verified.

关 键 词：传感器 烧蚀后退量 实时测量 精度 

分 类 号：TP216[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]