大型工件的三维激光切割机器人系统及自主编程  

3D Laser Cutting Robot System and Autonomous Programming for Large Workpieces

作　　者：安升辉 杨海涛 刘兴坤 周震 An Shenghui;Yang Haitao;Liu Xingkun;Zhou Zhen(HUST-Wuxi Research Institute,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214000,China;Jiangsu Jitri-Hust Intelligent Equipment Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学无锡研究院,江苏无锡214000 [2]江苏集萃华科智能装备科技有限公司,江苏无锡214000

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2025年第3期132-137,共6页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

摘　　要：在风力发电、轨道交通、新能源汽车制造等领域中,针对大型铸件及压铸组件的后处理加工流程,尤其是浇筑口和浇道的高精度去除,传统人工加工方法费时费力,工作环境恶劣,对工人的身心健康和安全都存在极大风险。三维激光切割技术配合机器人技术的运用,成为解决此类需求的理想策略。设计了一款三维激光切割机器人系统,它融合了桁架机器人与串联机械臂的混合结构设计,可以极大地扩展激光切割的工作空间范围,能够满足大型工件加工的要求。该系统还集成了先进的3D视觉系统、高效的光纤激光器和精密的激光头,确保了在复杂工件上实现高精度、高效率的切割。该系统的核心优势是通过3D视觉系统和离线编程实现机器人的自主编程,可以极大地提高了生产效率和灵活性,相比于传统机器人示教编程可以节省80%以上的时间。In the fields of wind power generation,rail transportation,new energy vehicle manufacturing,etc.,it is crucial to adopt an efficient and accurate method for the post-processing process of large castings and die-casting components,especially the high-precision removal of sprues and runners.The labor-consuming traditional manual processing is environmentally tough and pose great risk to worker’s health and safety.The use of three-dimensional laser cutting technology combined with robotics technology is becoming an ideal strategy to meet such needs.A three-dimensional laser cutting robot system is hereby designed,which combines the hybrid structure design of a truss robot and a serial robot arm,which can greatly expand the working space range of laser cutting and meet the requirements of large workpiece processing.The system also integrates an advanced 3D vision system,an efficient fiber laser and a precision laser head to ensure high-precision and efficient cutting on complex workpieces.The core advantage of this system is that it realizes autonomous programming of the robot through a 3D vision system and offline programming,which greatly improves production efficiency and flexibility.Compared with traditional robot teaching programming,it can save more than 80%of time.

关 键 词：三维激光切割 激光切割机器人 激光切割头 混联机器人结构 机器人自主编程 

分 类 号：TG485[金属学及工艺—焊接] TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] TP242[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]