网络平台展示用户IP属地的合法性检讨  

A legal review of public display of user IP locations on online platforms

作　　者：汤喆峰 胡启凡 TANG Zhefeng;HU Qifan(School of Cyber Security and Information Law,Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Chongqing 400065,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆邮电大学网络空间安全与信息法学院,重庆400065

出　　处：《重庆邮电大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期56-67,共12页Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：数字经济国际合作与创新发展中心开放课题:加强成渝企业数据合规激活双城数据要素潜能(P2023-78);重庆邮电大学人才引进项目:网络社会法律治理研究(K2020-199)。

摘　　要：公开展示用户IP属地是我国当前实践中各大网络平台的通行做法。考虑到近几年来“个人信息”的法律概念演进趋势,部分场景下的用户IP属地也构成个人信息,故有必要检视网络平台的展示行为是否合法。经分析,展示用户IP属地既不是履行法定职责或法定义务所必需,也不是为公共利益而实施的新闻报道、舆论监督行为,更不是在合理范围处理已公开的个人信息。因此,《个人信息保护法》第13条及《互联网用户账号信息管理规定》第12条并不足以作为网络平台展示用户IP属地的合法性依据。为修正用户IP属地展示行为的合法性瑕疵,同时更好地保护用户的个人合法权益,网络平台首先应当以场景是否涉及公共利益和用户类型是否属于个人、有无营利性、可识别性、是否已成年等为标准进行区分性展示。在此基础上,还应当合理设计展示用户IP属地的细化流程,至少包括优先适用告知同意规则、甄别用户主体是否为个人、判断场景是否具备公益性、筛选需要特殊保护的用户以及启用限制条件以引导用户等环节。此外,还有必要从便捷性、交互性、高效性和正当性等方面持续完善用户申诉等内部救济途径,以更加完善的行政监管和司法救济机制来强化外部监督,最终促使展示用户IP属地能够成为一种合法、高效且具有中国特色的网络生态治理手段。Publicly displaying user IP locations has become a common practice across major online platforms in China.Given the evolving legal concept of“personal information”in recent years,user IP locations in certain scenarios qualify as personal information,necessitating an examination of the legality of such displays.Analysis reveals that displaying user IP locations is neither essential for fulfilling statutory duties or obligations nor constitutes news reporting or public opinion oversight in the public interest.Furthermore,it does not fall within the reasonable processing of publicly disclosed personal information.Consequently,Article 13 of the Personal Information Protection Law and Article 12 of the Provisions on the Management of Internet User Account Information are insufficient to justify the legality of this practice.To address these legal deficiencies and better protect users’legitimate rights,online platforms should adopt a differentiated approach to displaying user IP locations.This differentiation should consider whether the scenario involves public interest,user type(e.g.,individual,non-commercial),identifiability,and whether the user is a minor.On this basis,platforms must also design detailed display processes,which should include prioritizing informed consent,distinguishing whether the user is an individual,assessing the scenario’s public-interest nature,identifying users requiring special protection,and implementing restrictions to guide user interactions.Moreover,platforms must enhance internal remedies like user appeal mechanisms in terms of accessibility,interactivity,efficiency,and legitimacy.Simultaneously,external oversight should be strengthened through improved administrative regulations and judicial remedies.Ultimately,the aim is to transform the public display of user IP locations into a lawful,efficient,and distinctly Chinese approach to governing the online ecosystem.

关 键 词：用户IP属地 公开展示 个人信息保护 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D913[政治法律—法学]