不同整形修剪对新疆早实核桃微环境的影响  

Effects of Different Pruning on the Microenvironment of Precocious Walnut in Xinjiang

作　　者：张辉 韩立群[2] 马凯[2] 赵钰 刘立强[1] ZHANG Hui;HAN Liqun;MA Kai;ZHAO Yu;LIU Liqiang(College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052;Horticultural Crops Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《北方园艺》2025年第4期60-67,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFD100102)。

摘　　要：以十五年生“新新2号”核桃为试材,采用不同程度整形修剪方式,研究不同程度修剪对“新新2号”疏散分层形树形及自然开心形树形冠内光照与温湿度、光合特性(净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度)以及叶片的相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)的影响,以期为核桃合理化整形修剪提供参考依据。结果表明:疏散分层形与自然开心形冠内光照强度与相对湿度均为重剪处理>轻剪处理>对照,温度均为对照>轻剪处理>重剪处理;2种树形净光合速率日变化重剪处理均为双峰曲线,疏散分层形轻剪处理为单峰曲线,自然开心形轻剪处理为双峰曲线,对照均为单峰曲线;2种树形气孔导度与蒸腾速率日变化曲线与净光合速率日变化曲线基本相符;2种树形胞间CO_(2)浓度均呈下降趋势且均为重剪处理>轻剪处理>对照;2种树形相对叶绿素含量均为重剪处理>轻剪处理>对照。疏散分层形与自然开心形2种树形的不同程度修剪均能明显影响冠内环境因子进而改变光合能力,修剪程度越重,效果越明显。Taking 15-year-old‘Xinxin 2’walnut as the test material,different degrees of pruning mode was used,the effects of different degrees of pruning on the illumination,temperature and humidity,photosynthetic characteristics(net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductivity,transpiration rate,intercellular CO_(2)concentration)and relative chlorophyll content(SPAD value)of leaves in the delayed-open central leader shape and natural open center shape were studied,in order to provide reference for the rationalization of walnut pruning.The results showed that the light intensity and relative humidity inside the delayed-open central leader shape and natural open center shape were in the order of heavy shear treatment>light shear treatment>CK,and the temperature was all CK>light shear treatment>heavy shear treatment;two tree shapes of net photosynthetic rate were bimodalcurves,delayed-open central leader shape was unimodalcurves,natural open center shape was bimodalcurves,and control treatments was unimodalcurves.The daily variation curve of stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate was basically consistent with the daily variation curve of net photosynthetic rate.The CO_(2)concentrations in both trees decreased and were heavy shear treatment>light shear treatment>CK.The relative chlorophyll content of both trees was heavy shear treatment>light shear treatment>CK.The pruning of different degrees of delayed-open central leader shape and natural open center shape could obviously affect the environmental factors in the crown and then change the photosynthetic ability.The heavier the pruning degree,the more obvious the effect.

关 键 词：核桃 整形修剪 光合能力 光照强度 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]