黑龙江省大豆高产品种实现高产稳产的影响因素分析  

Influencing Factors for Realizing High and Stable Yield of High Yield Soybean Varieties in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：王祯明 杨树果[1] Wang Zhenming;Yang Shuguo(College of Economic and Management,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学经济管理学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《农业展望》2024年第10期117-123,共7页Agricultural Outlook

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2023G014);2022年度黑龙江省经济社会发展重点研究课题“面向国家粮食安全战略的北大荒服务保障研究”(22320)。

摘　　要：黑龙江省作为中国大豆主产省,在大豆产业领域展现了显著优势,而实现大豆高产稳产受诸多方面因素的影响。本研究通过基准回归模型分析大豆高产品种实现高产稳产的影响因素。结果表明:大豆高产品种实现高产稳产主要受管理因素影响,通过提供稳定且适量的水源、增加化肥施用量以及更科学的播种方式,有利于大豆在不同苗期获得适宜的水分供应和必要的营养元素,从而优化其生长环境,对大豆高产品种高产稳产起正向影响;不同时期发生的自然灾害对大豆生长产生不同程度的影响,其中极端高温环境下气温的上升缩短了大豆物质积累的时间,严重的洪涝灾害也会干扰大豆脂肪和蛋白质的正常聚集,病虫害严重且防控措施不及时导致减产,减产幅度达到30%~60%。因此,受灾面积、病虫害防治不及时对大豆高产品种的高产稳产起负向影响,造成大豆高产品种的生长发育缓慢,大豆品质及产量降低。基于此,提出完善政策补贴力度、产学研协同发展、发挥优势种植以及加强农业基础设施建设的建议,以促进大豆高产品种的高产稳产。As the main soybean producing province in China,Heilongjiang province has shown significant advantages in the field of soybean industry,and the realization of high and stable soybean yield is affected by many factors.In this paper,the influence factors of high yield varieties were analyzed by benchmark regression model.The results showed that the high yield soybean varieties achieving high and stable yield are mainly affected by management factors,by providing stable and moderate water,increasing the amount of fertilizer application and more scientific planting way,it is conducive to the soybean obtaining appropriate water supply and necessary nutrients at seedling stages,thus optimizing its growth environment and having a positive impact on the high and stable yield of soybean high yield varieties;natural disasters during different periods have different degrees of impact on soybean growth,among them,the extreme high temperature environment temperature rise shortens the soybean material accumulation time,serious floods interfere with the normal accumulation of soybean fat and protein,serious pests and diseases and lack of timely prevention and control measures lead yield reduction,with a yield reduction of 30%to 60%.Therefore,the affected area and untimely pest control have a negative impact on the high and stable yield of high yielding soybean varieties,resulting in the slow growth and development of high-yield soybean varieties,and the decrease of soybean quality and yield.Based on this,suggestions were put forward to promote the high and stable yield of high yield soybean varieties,from improving the policy subsidies,the coordinated development of industry,education and research,giving play to the advantages of planting and strengthening agricultural infrastructure construction.

关 键 词：大豆 高产品种 高产稳产 基准回归模型 黑龙江省 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]