甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育的细胞学观察及不育胞质类型鉴定  

Cytological observation and sterile cytoplasm type identification of cytoplasmic male sterile Brassica napus L.

作　　者：翟利佳 杨馥睿 刘自刚[1] 魏家萍 崔俊美 武泽峰 方彦[1] ZHAI Lijia;YANG Furui;LIU Zigang;WEI Jiaping;CUI Junmei;WU Zefeng;FANG Yan(Agronomy College,Gansu Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2025年第1期21-27,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860388);甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6NA009);甘肃省科技计划项目(23CXJA0001)。

摘　　要：为明确22N317A、22N195R_(2)A和22LJ56A-22N286R_(1)A 3个细胞质雄性不育(CMS)系甘蓝型冬油菜花粉败育机理及不育胞质类型,本研究以3组甘蓝型冬油菜细胞质雄性不育系及保持系为材料,通过观察花器形态和细胞特征,并根据油菜育性相关基因orf138、orf222、orf224设计引物对3份甘蓝型冬油菜不育胞质类型进行多重PCR分子鉴定。结果表明:3个不育材料花瓣平展、花药不可正常散粉、花丝短小、柱头较长。不育系花粉的发育受阻于四分体至单核小孢子期间;不育系常规压片细胞学观察结果显示四分体之后未观察到小孢子或者花粉粒;不育系石蜡切片显微镜观察显示花粉四分体时期绒毡层异常膨大,挤压药室里的四分体,使药室变形,最终导致雄性不育。3个不育系的不育胞质类型均是Ogu NWSUAF CMS。In order to clarify the pollen abortion mechanism and sterile cytoplasm type of 22N317A,22N195R_(2A) and 22LJ56A-22N286R_(1A) cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) lines of winter oilseed rape,three cytoplasmic male sterile lines and maintainer lines of winter oilseed rape were used as materials in this study.The flower morphology and cell characteristics were observed,and primers were designed according to the fertility-related genes orf138,orf222 and orf224 of oilseed rape for multiplex PCR molecular identification.The results showed that the petals of the three sterile materials were flat,the anthers could not disperse pollen normally,the filaments were short and the stigmas were long.The development of pollens of sterile lines was blocked during the period from tetrad to mononuclear microspore.The results of conventional cytological observation of sterile lines showed that no microspores or pollen grains were observed after the tetrad.Paraffin sections of the sterile line showed that the tapetum expanded abnormally during the pollen tetrad period,squeezing the tetrad in the anther chamber,causing the anther chamber to deform and eventually leading to male sterility.The sterile cytoplasm type of the three sterile lines was Ogu NWSUAF CMS.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 细胞质雄性不育 花器形态 细胞学观察 育性鉴定 

分 类 号：Q343.34[生物学—遗传学]