群体均匀度同时提升水稻产量和品质的研究进展  

Research progress on coordinated improvement of rice yield and quality by population uniformity

作　　者：唐承翰 陈惠哲[1] 张玉屏[1] 向镜[1] 王志刚[1] 张义凯[1] 王亚梁 TANG Chenghan;CHEN Huizhe;ZHANG Yuping;XIANG Jing;WANG Zhigang;ZHANG Yikai;WANG Yaliang(China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,Hangzhou 311400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2025年第1期184-191,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划项目(2023ZDXT01);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2301404、2023YFD2301304);2022年度拱墅区“大运英才”创新创业项目;国家水稻产业技术体系项目(CARS-01-02);云南省科技厅科技计划项目(202402AE090007-1)。

摘　　要：水稻群体均匀度是用来衡量水稻植株个体间生长发育差异对群体生长影响的指标,反映植株分蘖发生、穗粒形成和籽粒灌浆等方面的一致性。水稻产量和品质能否同时提升与群体生长密切相关,提高种植均匀度能够有效提高群体均衡性,进而实现产量和品质同时提高。产量和品质同时提高的矛盾与氮素利用密切相关,增加氮肥施用量虽然能提高水稻产量,但也提高了籽粒蛋白质含量,进而导致米饭食味变差。减少氮素穗肥施用是改善稻米品质的重要措施,在减少氮素穗肥施用条件下,高种植均匀度群体的个体发育优势明显,群体氮素吸收利用效率增加,达到少施氮肥也能形成大穗、多穗的高产群体的目的。围绕提高群体均匀度的目标,生产上可以采取培育健壮秧苗,合理分布种植空间,定量施用氮肥,培育花后高光效群体等方面的栽培措施更有效地实现水稻产量与品质同时提升。Rice population uniformity is an index used to measure the effect of growth and development differences between individual rice plants on population growth,reflecting the consistency of tillering,panicle formation and grain filling.The coordination of rice yield and quality is closely related to rice population growth,and improving planting uniformity can effectively improve uniformity of rice population,so as to achieve the equal increase in rice yield and quality.The synergistic contradiction between yield and quality is closely related to nitrogen utilization.Although increasing nitrogen application can increase rice yield,it increases grain protein content,which leads to poor rice taste quality.Reducing application of nitrogen at panicle initiation stage is an important measure to improve rice quality.Under conditions of nitrogen application reduction,the population with high planting uniformity has obvious advantages in individual development,then the nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of the population is increased,so that the coordinated increase of the panicle and grains in high yield population can be formed even with less nitrogen application.Focusing on improving the population uniformity,cultivation measures such as cultivating robust seedlings with reasonable planting spatial distribution,quantitative nitrogen application,and cultivating high photosynthetic efficiency populations should be taken in production to achieve an effective improvement in rice yield and quality.

关 键 词：水稻 群体均匀度 产量 品质 栽培措施 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]