新疆南疆枣瘿蚊发生动态调查与防治植物源农药筛选  

Investigation on the occurrence dynamics of Dasineura jujubifolia in Southern Xinjiang and screening of plant-derived pesticides

作　　者：李毅 肖莉娟 王凡 王晶晶[5] 吴华[1,2] 冯俊涛 LI Yi;XIAO Lijuan;WANG Fan;WANG Jingjing;WU Hua;FENG Juntao(College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering&Technology,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Agriculture Sciences,First Division,Xinjiang Production Crops,Alaer,Xinjiang 843300,China;Institute of Agriculture Sciences,Third Division,Xinjiang Production Crops,Tumxuk,Xinjiang 844000,China;Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省生物农药工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [3]新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业科学研究所,新疆阿拉尔843300 [4]新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,新疆图木舒克844000 [5]新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期102-108,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团第一师阿拉尔市科技计划项目(2022NY14);新疆生产建设兵团第三师图木舒克市科技计划项目(KY2022GG08)。

摘　　要：【目的】枣瘿蚊(Dasineura jujubifolia Jiao&Bu)是危害红枣的一种重要害虫,通过实地调查明确枣瘿蚊的发生动态,确定防治的关键时间节点;通过室内毒力测定和田间防效试验,筛选适用于防控枣瘿蚊的植物源农药,为枣瘿蚊的科学防控提供技术支持。【方法】2022-2023年定点定期调查南疆阿拉尔市和图木舒克市枣园枣瘿蚊的发生动态。以5种植物源农药为材料,以22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂为化学农药对照,以枣瘿蚊为靶标,采用浸虫法测定6种农药对枣瘿蚊的室内毒力;在此基础上筛选室内毒力效果较好的植物源农药进行田间药效试验,筛选出适合枣瘿蚊防控的植物源农药品种。【结果】2022-2023年阿拉尔市和图木舒克市枣园枣瘿蚊幼虫均于4月中下旬开始出现,发生高峰期均为5月上中旬和6月上中旬,防治关键时间节点为5月初和6月初。室内毒力测定结果表明,5种植物源农药对枣瘿蚊均有较强的毒力,其中0.3%苦参碱水剂和1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂对枣瘿蚊24 h的致死中浓度(LC 50)分别为5.357和4.554 mg/L,与化学农药对照22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂(6.938 mg/L)毒力相当。田间药效试验结果表明,给药后7 d,0.3%苦参碱水剂和1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂300~400倍稀释液处理对枣瘿蚊的防效均在65%以上,与22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂推荐剂量处理的防效相当,可作为防控枣瘿蚊的替代生物农药。【结论】新疆南疆枣园枣瘿蚊集中发生在5月上中旬和6月上中旬,防治关键时间节点为5月初和6月初,可选用植物源农药0.3%苦参碱水剂和1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂300~400倍液防控枣瘿蚊。【Objective】Dasineura jujubifolia Jiao&Bu is a significant pest affecting red dates.Through field investigations,the occurrence dynamics of D.jujubifolia was clarified,and the critical time points for prevention and control were determined.Through indoor toxicity tests and field control efficacy trials,plant-derived pesticides suitable for controlling D.jujubifolia were screened,providing technical support for the scientific prevention and control of D.jujubifolia.【Method】From 2022 to 2023,a fixed-point and regular method was adopted to investigate the occurrence dynamics of D.jujubifolia in the date gardens of Alaer and Tumxuk cities in southern Xinjiang.With five kinds of plant-derived pesticides as materials,22.4%chlorpyrifos SC as a chemical drug control,and D.jujubifolia as the target,the indoor to-xicity of six pesticides to D.jujubifolia was measured using the insect immersion method.Based on this,plant-derived pesticides with good indoor toxicity effects were selected for field efficacy trials,and plant-derived pesticide varieties suitable for the prevention and control of D.jujubifolia were screened out.【Result】From 2022 to 2023,the larvae of D.jujubifolia in the date gardens of Alaer and Tumxuk cities began to appear in mid-to-late April.The peak periods were in early-to-mid May and June.The key points for prevention and control were in early May and early June.Indoor toxicity test results showed that five plant-derived drugs all had strong toxicity to D.jujubifolia.Among them,the LC 50 values of 0.3%matrine AS and 1.5%pyrethrin EW for D.jujubifolia were 5.357 and 4.554 mg/L respectively in 24 hours,which was equivalent to the toxicity of the chemical drug control 22.4%chlorpyrifos SC(6.938 mg/L).Field e-fficacy test results showed that after 7 days of treatment with 300-400 times diluted solution of 0.3%matrine AS and 1.5%pyrethrin EW,the control effect on D.jujubifolia was above 65%,which was equivalent to the control effect of the recommended dose of 22.4%chlorpyrifos SC.They can be used a

关 键 词：枣瘿蚊 植物源农药 发生动态 室内毒力 田间防效 

分 类 号：S433.89[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S436.629[农业科学—植物保护]