先天性小耳畸形患者焦虑抑郁现状及影响因素分析  

The status and influencing factors of anxiety and depression in patients with congenital microtia

作　　者：刘新义 周燕春[1] 张昳丽 孟刘晶 严敏曦 黄莹[1] 卞薇薇[1] LIU Xinyi;ZHOU Yanchun;ZHANG Yili;MENG Liujing;YAN Minxi;HUANG Ying;BIAN Weiwei(School of Nursing,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200025,China;Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200011,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院护理部,上海市200011 [2]上海交通大学护理学院,上海市200025

出　　处：《组织工程与重建外科》2025年第1期68-72,共5页Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery

基　　金：上海交通大学医学院护理学科青年人才项目(SJTUHLXK2023);上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院护理人才项目(JYHRC22-P06);上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院院级课题(JYHL20213D03)。

摘　　要：目的调查先天性小耳畸形患者的焦虑、抑郁现状,并分析患者焦虑抑郁的相关影响因素。方法采用一般资料调查表、医院焦虑抑郁量表对148例先天性小耳畸形患者进行横断面调查。结果先天性小耳畸形患者存在焦虑、抑郁的比例分别为20.3%和16.2%。单因素分析显示,文化程度、主要照顾者、患侧听力情况、面部发育情况、有无受到过嘲笑等因素与患者的焦虑状态有关(P<0.05);家庭居住地、家庭结构、主要照顾者、患侧听力情况、面部发育情况、有无受到过嘲笑等因素与患者的抑郁状态有关(P<0.05)。结论先天性小耳畸形患者的焦虑、抑郁水平较高,影响因素众多,应尽早提供针对性的干预措施及心理护理,缓解患者的焦虑抑郁情绪,综合改善患者的心理健康状况。Objective To investigate the current status of anxiety and depression in patients with congenital microtia,and analyze the related influencing factors of anxiety and depression.Methods The general data questionnaire and hospital anxiety and depression scale were used to evaluate 148 patients with congenital microtia who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results The proportion of anxiety and depression in patients with congenital microtia was 20.3%and 16.2%,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that the influencing factors of anxiety in patients with congenital microtia mainly included education level,primary caregiver,hearing status of the affected side,facial asymmetry,being ridiculed by others;Residence,family structure,primary caregiver,hearing status of the affected side,facial asymmetry and being ridiculed by others were related to depression in patients with congenital microtia(P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with congenital microtia experience high levels of anxiety and depression,with many influencing factors.Health professionals should provide targeted interventions and psychological care as early as possible to alleviate patients’anxiety and depression,and to comprehensively improve their mental health status.

关 键 词：小耳畸形 焦虑 抑郁 影响因素 

分 类 号：R622[医药卫生—整形外科]