地层压力应力耦合效应及其在油气勘探开发中的应用  

Pressure stress coupling effect and its application in oil&gas exploration and development

作　　者：杨栋 丁康乐[3] 徐尚 刘秉昌 王宇帆 郭蕴萱 YANG Dong;DING Kangle;XU Shang;LIU Bingchang;WANG Yufan;GUO Yunxuan(School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao,Shandong 266580,China;State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao,Shandong 266580,China;College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,山东青岛266580 [2]中国石油大学(华东)深层油气国家重点实验室,山东青岛266580 [3]长江大学化学与环境工程学院,湖北荆州434000

出　　处：《世界石油工业》2025年第1期65-75,共11页World Petroleum Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目“油气成藏机理”(42122017);国家自然科学基金创新群体项目(41821002);中国石油大学(华东)自主创新研究计划(21CX06001A)。

摘　　要：压力和应力对油气生成、运移和聚集具有重要的控制作用,决定着油气藏的形成和分布。综述了地层压力和地应力的预测方法、对油气成藏的影响及压力应力耦合效应在油气勘探开发中的应用。地层压力预测包括等效深度法、Bowers法、Eaton法和体积模量法等。等效深度法适用于欠压实泥页岩地层,Bowers法可用于流体膨胀型超压预测,Eaton法和体积模量法适用于多种超压成因地层。超压在源岩中抑制有机质生烃,对储层孔隙度起建设性作用。油气在超压驱动下运移,在超压封闭层下形成油气聚集。地应力预测包括经验关系法、地应力模型法和数值模拟法等。地应力在不考虑裂缝发育时对砂岩储层物性起到的破坏性作用,会驱使油气在弱应力带中聚集。地应力控制裂缝的形成和启闭,影响油气保存。压力应力耦合效应控制着裂缝的形成与分布,影响着断层的封堵能力和盖层完整性。基于孔隙弹性理论的压力应力耦合,弥补了传统模型的不足,能解释油气田开发压降中的微地震活动。在水力压裂中,压力应力耦合效应影响压裂裂缝网的轨迹、模式、扩展范围和导流能力,在预测油田开发中的微地震活动中也有应用。Pressure and stress play crucial roles in controlling hydrocarbon generation,migration,and accumulation,ultimately determining the formation and distribution of oil and gas reservoirs.This paper reviews methods for predicting formation pressure and stress,their impact on hydrocarbon accumulation,and the application of pressure stress coupling effects in hydrocarbon exploration.Formation pressure prediction methods include the equivalent depth method,Bowers method,Eaton method,and bulk modulus method.The equivalent depth method is suitable for undercompacted shale formations,the Bowers method can be used for fluid expansion-type overpressure prediction,and the Eaton method and bulk modulus method are applicable to formations with various overpressure mechanisms.Overpressure inhibits hydrocarbon generation from organic matter in source rocks and has a constructive effect on reservoir porosity.Hydrocarbons migrate under the drive of overpressure and accumulate beneath overpressure seals.Methods for predicting stress include empirical relationships,stress models,and numerical simulations.Stress can be detrimental to the physical properties of sandstone reservoirs without considering fracture development,driving hydrocarbons to accumulate in low-stress zones.Stress controls the formation and opening/sealing of fractures,affecting hydrocarbon preservation.The pressure stress coupling effect governs the formation and distribution of fractures,influences fault sealing capacity,and cap rock integrity.Pressure stress coupling based on poroelastic theory addresses the limitations of traditional models and can explain microseismic activity during pressure drops in oilfield development.In hydraulic fracturing,the pressure stress coupling effect impacts the trajectory,pattern,extent,and conductivity of fracture networks.Additionally,it is applied in predicting microseismic activity during oilfield development.

关 键 词：地层压力 地应力 压力应力耦合 油气勘探开发 

分 类 号：TE12[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]