盐湖盐度对生烃母质的影响及烃源岩发育特征  

Influence of salinity on organic matter and characteristics of source rocks development in salt lake

作　　者：夏洋 曲江秀[1] 丁修建 阿布力米提·依明[2] 蒋小凤 XIA Yang;QU Jiangxiu;DING Xiujian;YIMING Ablimit;JIANG Xiaofeng(School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao,Shandong 266580,China;Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay,Xinjiang 834000,China;Oil and Gas Resources Department of China Huayou Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100724,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,山东青岛266580 [2]中国石油新疆油田公司勘探开发研究院,新疆克拉玛依834000 [3]中国华油集团有限公司油气资源事业部,北京100007

出　　处：《世界石油工业》2025年第1期76-86,共11页World Petroleum Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“火山灰对湖相沉积有机质富集的影响机制及其页岩油地质意义”(41702143)。

摘　　要：随着国内外许多盐湖相优质烃源岩的发现,盐湖盆地已成为油气勘探的重要领域。通过国内外文献调研,从生烃母质、烃源岩发育主控因素及模式3个方面总结了盐湖盐度对烃源岩发育的影响。结果表明,中国盐湖众多,盐湖主要有封闭蒸发、海侵和热液作用3大成因;盐湖盐度控制水体分层并导致盐湖生物也成层分布,其中主要的生烃母质有藻类、细菌和高等植物;对于烃源岩发育,盐度的提高对有机质供给和保存存在着有利和不利2个方面的影响,但是会导致有机质稀释作用加剧;受封闭蒸发控制形成的盐湖中烃源岩主要发育在中低盐度阶段,受海侵和热液作用影响形成的盐湖中优质烃源岩主要发育于地质事件发生时的咸化时期。此外,如不同种类生物对盐湖烃源岩发育的贡献差异、不同水体性质产生的影响等问题值得关注并深入研究。研究盐湖盐度在烃源岩发育方面的影响,加深了对盐湖烃源岩的认识,凸显了盐湖相油气资源的勘探潜力。There are many high-quality source rocks in saline lakes phase have been discovered around the world,therefore saline lakes sedimentary environment has become an important field for oil and gas exploration.Through researching domestic and foreign literature,the influence of salinity on the development of source rocks in saline lakes is summarized from three aspects:organic matter,main controlling factors and models on the development of source rocks.The results show that there are many saline lakes in China and there are three main causes of saline lakes formation:confined evaporation,transgression and hydrothermalis;saline lakes and the organisms are distributed in layers controlled by salinity,algae,bacteria and higher plants are the main organic matters;for the development of source rocks,there are both favorable and unfavorable effects on supply and preservation of organic matter with the increase of salinity,while organic matter is being diluted;in saline lakes formed by evaporation,source rocks are mainly developed in the low to medium salinity stage,which in saline lakes formed by the influence of transgression or hydrothermalism are mainly developed in the salinization period when the geological events occur.In addition,issues such as the differential contributions of different types of organisms to the development of salt lake source rocks and the impact of different water body properties are worthy of attention and in-depth research.Through researching the influence of salinity on the development of source rocks in saline lakes,the understanding of source rocks in saline lakes has been deepened and the exploration potential of oil and gas resources in saline lakes has been highlighted.

关 键 词：盐湖 盐度 生烃母质 烃源岩 发育模式 

分 类 号：TE122[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]