东门头“太阳人”石刻反映的天、人观念新释  

New Interpretation of the Concept of Heaven and Man in the Stone Carvings of "Sun Man" at Dongmentou Site

作　　者：杨阳[1] 杨华[1] Yang Yang;Yang Hua

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学

出　　处：《农业考古》2025年第1期35-42,共8页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“边缘地域下古蜀文明起源与早期演进研究”(项目编号:21BZS017)。

摘　　要：东门头遗址的一件“太阳人”石刻上刻画了日、星、人的形象,反映了三峡先民的高超刻技和审美意识,这是早期天、人崇拜观念的体现。石刻上的天体无疑象征着天上神灵,史前民众认为太阳是庇护农业之神,并与农业文明直接关联,具有祈祷丰收的用意;而星辰对于古人也有特殊精神涵义,先民幻想着天上群星关联着现世的人和事,故而由此亦产生星神崇拜。石刻上“太阳人”则立于中央,其头顶太阳、腰环星辰,进一步彰显了先民对天文星体的认识以及希望人与自然和谐共处的用意,还表露了对部落首领、祖先神灵的敬仰乃至部族生育繁衍的渴望。再结合相关文献记载及后世遗物的形象比较,“太阳人”石刻不排除是对中华人文始祖伏羲的最早刻画。A stone carving of the"Sun Man"at the Dongmentou Site depicts the images of the sun,stars,and humans,showcasing the superb carving skills and aesthetic concepts of the ancestors of the Three Gorges,and reflecting the early worship concepts of heaven and humans.The celestial bodies on the stone carvings undoubtedly symbolize the gods in the sky.Prehistoric people believed that the sun was the god who protected agriculture and was directly related to agricultural civilization,worshiped for a bountiful harvest.The stars also had a special meaning for ancient people,who fancied that the stars in the sky were related to people and things in the present world,which gave rise to the worship of stars and gods.The"Sun Man"on the stone carving stands in the center,with the sun above its head and stars encircling its waist,fully demonstrating the ancestors'understanding of astronomical celestial bodies and their desire for harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.It expresses their reverence for tribal leaders,ancestral gods,and their desire for reproduction.Combined with relevant literature records and comparison of the images of relics from later generations,it is possible that the"Sun Man"stone carving could be the earliest portrayal of Fuxi,the legendary ancestor of humanity.

关 键 词：“太阳人”石刻 天体认识 祖先崇拜 伏羲形象 

分 类 号：K235[历史地理—历史学]