宋代地方救荒中的问责制度及其成效评析  

The Accountability System and Its Evaluation in Local Famine Relief During the Song Dynasty

作　　者：金勇强 Jin Yongqiang

机构地区：[1]洛阳理工学院经济与管理学院暨华夏历史文明传承创新研究中心

出　　处：《农业考古》2025年第1期157-165,共9页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“宋代地方官员救荒失职与问责机制研究”(项目编号:22FZSB032);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“西北地区灾害防治史研究”(项目编号:22JJD770055)。

摘　　要：为了确保地方官员有效地履行救荒职责,宋朝建立了相对完善的救荒问责制度,并以敕令的形式,制订了较为细致的各类问责法规。但与两宋频发的自然灾害相比,因灾问责的官员数量相对较少,且多集中于某些特定时期和特定地区,被问责官员量刑较轻,总体惩处力度不大。从问责成效上来看,首先,宋朝对于地方官员救荒渎职的问责并不严厉,这与宋朝整体宽松的政治环境有关。其次,宋朝对于地方官员在救济灾荒中因济民而违制,甚至不督赋税的举动,处分亦轻。后者体现的不仅是一种“仁政”之治,更凸显了传统荒政变通与灵活的一面,但同时也映射出救荒问责机制在制度设计上不成熟和不完善之处。In order to ensure that local officials effectively fulfill their responsibilities in disaster relief,the Song Dynasty established a relatively complete accountability system for disaster relief,and in the form of Chi and Ling,various detailed accountability regulations were designed.However,compared with the frequent natural disasters in the Song Dynasty,the number of officials accountable for disasters was relatively small,who were mostly concentrated in specific periods and regions.The punishments for accountable officials were relatively lenient,and the overall severity was not high.From the perspective of accountability effectiveness,firstly,the punishment for local officials’dereliction of duty in relieving famine in the Song Dynasty was not strict,which was related to the overall political environment of the Song Dynasty.Secondly,for local officials who violated regulations or even failed to supervise taxation during disaster relief efforts to benefit the people,the punishment was also light,which not only embodies a kind of“benevolent governance”,but also highlights the flexibility and adaptability of traditional famine relief.But at the same time,it also reflects the immature and imperfect institutional design of the accountability mechanism for disaster relief.

关 键 词：宋代 地方救荒 问责制度 成效 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]