高强高耐磨高导金基合金研究进展  

Research Progress on High Strength,High Wear Resistance and High Conductivity Gold-Based Alloys

作　　者：杨智国 左孝青[1] 彭啸 易健宏[1] 武海军 牛海东 YANG Zhiguo;ZUO Xiaoqing;PENG Xiao;YI Jianhong;WU Haijun;NIU Haidong(Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Sino-Platinum Metals Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650102,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]贵研铂业股份有限公司,云南昆明650102

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期17-28,共12页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：云南省重点研发计划项目(202203ZA080001).

摘　　要：金基合金具有优异的导电性、高温稳定性和耐腐蚀性,广泛应用于航空航天及军用精密仪器仪表领域.然而,现有金基合金的强度、硬度、耐磨性和导电性之间存在负相关关系,如何在提高强度、硬度和耐磨性的同时保持较高的导电性是亟待解决的关键问题.目前,有关金基合金高强高耐磨高导的研究主要有:(1)促进AuCuⅠ有序相的生成;(2)多道次冷拉拔使晶粒细长化;(3)高应变速率和大变形量引入纳米孪晶;(4)添加适量稀土元素、In合金化和In+离子注入.基于以上研究,本文提出了固溶-大变形-时效和低温拉拔两种新方法,前者通过变形增加位错密度,位错可以成为有序相的优先形核位置,从而促进AuCuⅠ有序相的析出;后者通过在液氮温度下进行拉拔变形,有效抑制再结晶,维持细长的晶粒组织,从而减少垂直晶界对电子的散射.Gold-based alloys are known for their excellent electrical conductivity,high-temperature stability,and corrosion resistance,and are widely used in the fields of aerospace and military precision instruments.However,there is a negative correlation between the strength,hardness,wear resistance,and electrical conductivity of existing gold-based alloys.A key issue that needs to be addressed is how to improve strength,hardness,and wear resistance while maintaining high electrical conductivity.Current research on high-strength,high-wear-resistance,and high-conductivity gold-based alloys mainly includes:(1)promoting the formation of the AuCuⅠordered phase;(2)multi-pass cold drawing to elongate the grains;(3)introducing nanotwins through high strain rate and large deformation;(4)adding appropriate amounts of rare earth elements,indium alloying,and In+ion implantation.Based on the above research,this paper proposes two new methods:solid-solution deformation aging and low-temperature drawing.The former increases dislocation density through deformation,and dislocations can serve as preferred nucleation sites for the ordered phase,thus promoting the precipitation of the AuCuⅠordered phase.The latter effectively suppresses recrystallization and maintains an elongated grain structure by performing drawing deformation at liquid nitrogen temperatures,thereby reducing the scattering of electrons by grain boundaries perpendicular to the current.

关 键 词：金基合金 高强高导 高耐磨 有序化转变 晶粒细长化 纳米孪晶 

分 类 号：TG146.31[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]