抚仙湖浮游植物群落结构年度特征及分析  

Annual Community Structure Characteristics and Analysis of Phytoplankton in Fuxian Lake

作　　者：金星 刘绍俊 代鑫 施艳峰 翟竟余 Jin Xing;Liu Shaojun;Dai Xin;Shi Yanfeng;Zhai Jingyu(Yuxi Ecological Environment Monitoring Station of Yunnan Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment,Yuxi 653100,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省生态环境厅驻玉溪市生态环境监测站,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期158-169,共12页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：云南省生态环境厅2023年省级环保专项资金(省对下)项目(云环通〔2023〕28号).

摘　　要：抚仙湖是典型的高原断陷型深水湖泊,处于Ⅰ类向Ⅱ类水体转变的过渡期.本研究于2023年8月至2024年7月对抚仙湖进行逐月采样监测,旨在研究处于水质转变期的抚仙湖浮游植物群落结构的演替规律,探明群落结构特征(优势属)对水质的指征作用.通过使用生物多样性指数、均匀度指数和群落相似性指数对抚仙湖水生态环境现状作出评价,并运用冗余分析来探讨浮游植物群落结构与关键环境因子之间的关系.结果表明:抚仙湖共检出浮游植物7门96属,其中绿藻门种类占39.58%,蓝藻门占27.08%,硅藻门占22.92%;主要优势属2024年3月为束丝藻属,2024年4月为小环藻属,其余月份均为假鱼腥藻属.浮游植物丰度季节变化特征较明显,秋季>冬季>夏季>春季,最低值(3月)仅为最高值(9月)的1/6.Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.56~4.10,Pielou均匀度指数为0.30~0.76,Jaccara群落相似性显示66.67%的监测断面中度相似,其他为极相似.冗余分析结果表明,水温、溶解氧、总氮是对抚仙湖浮游植物群落结构有极显著影响(P<0.01)的主要环境因子.综合认为抚仙湖浮游植物群落结构多样性当前处于“优秀”到“良好”状态,并偶见“中等”状态水平,属贫营养型湖泊,抚仙湖绝对优势属从2017年的转板藻属变为假鱼腥藻属是多个环境因子共同作用的结果.Fuxian Lake is a typical plateau faulted deep-water lake and is in a period of transition from Class I to Class II water.This study conducted monthly sampling and monitoring of Fuxian Lake from August 2023 to July 2024,aiming to investigate the succession law of phytoplankton community in Fuxian Lake during the water quality transition period,to explore the indicative role of community structure characteristics(dominant genera)on water quality.Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou evenness index and Jaccara community similarity index were used to evaluate the current status of the aquatic ecological environment of Fuxian Lake,to study the relationship between phytoplankton community structure and key environmental factors through redundancy analysis.The results showed that 96 genera belonging to 7 phyla of phytoplankton were detected in Fuxian Lake.Among them,Chlorophyta accounted for 39.58%,Cyanophyta accounted for 27.08%,and Bacillariophyta accounted for 22.92%.The dominant phytoplankton genus was Aphanizomenon in March 2024,Cyclotella in April 2024,and Pseudanabaena in the other months.The seasonal variation characteristics of phytoplankton abundance are obvious,autumn>winter>summer>spring.The lowest value(March)is only 1/6 of the highest(September).The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranges from 1.56 to 4.10,the Pielou evenness index ranges from 0.30 to 0.76,the Jaccara community similarity index shows that 66.67%of the monitoring points are moderately similar,and the others are extremely similar.The results of redundancy analysis show that water temperature,dissolved oxygen and total nitrogen are the main environmental factors that extremely significantly affect(p<0.01)the phytoplankton community structure in Fuxian Lake.It is concluded that the diversity of the phytoplankton community structure in Fuxian Lake is currently in a state ranging from“excellent”to“good”,with occasional“moderate”levels,and it is an oligotrophic lake.The change of the absolute dominant genus in Fuxian Lake from Mougeotia in 2017 t

关 键 词：抚仙湖 浮游植物 群落结构 环境因子 冗余分析 水生态分级评价 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]