重思马克思现代性批判思想的来源——从弗格森谈起  

The Source of Marx's Critical Thought of Modernity:Starting from Ferguson

作　　者：廖兴兴 LIAO Xingxing

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)哲学教研部,100091

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2024年第9期13-26,共14页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

摘　　要：亚当·弗格森作为苏格兰启蒙运动的重要成员,对资本主义文明的反思是马克思现代性批判理论的重要思想来源之一。作为一位活跃于18世纪的思想家,弗格森在资本主义文明发展之初就已敏锐地觉察到其蕴含的物质文明和精神文明发展之间的张力,并运用“借古讽今”的方法对现代商业社会中财产权的弊端与分工的负面效应展开了批判性考察。马克思延续了弗格森对资本主义文明的反思,基于机器大工业的时代背景,深入地考察了私有财产权带来的社会弊端与社会分工导致的负面效应。但是,针对弗格森在对资本主义文明的反思中展现出的唯心主义与不彻底性,马克思在新的历史条件下对其进行了批评。在马克思的思想史视域中嵌入弗格森的现代性批判理论,不仅有助于厘清马克思现代性批判理论的思想来源,而且有助于发掘马克思的现代性批判思想与苏格兰启蒙思想的异同。As an important member of the Scottish Enlightenment movement,Ferguson's reflection on capitalist civilization is one of the important ideological sources of Marx's critical theory of modernity.As a thinker active in the 18th century,Ferguson was acutely aware of the tension between the material civilization and the spiritual civilization at the beginning of the development of capitalist civilization,and made a critical investigation of the disadvantages of property rights and the negative effects of division of labor in modern commercial society by using the method of“satirating the present by using the past”.Marx continued Ferguson's reflection on capitalist civilization,and based on the background of machine industry,he deeply investigated the social disadvantages brought by private property rights and the negative effects caused by social division of labor.However,Marx criticized Ferguson for his idealism and lack of thoroughness in his reflection on capitalist civilization under the new historical conditions.Embedding Ferguson's critical theory of modernity in Marx's perspective of ideological history not only helps to clarify the ideological source of Marx's critical theory of modernity,but also helps to explore the similarities and differences between Marx's critical theory of modernity and Scottish Enlightenment thought.

关 键 词：马克思 苏格兰启蒙 弗格森 现代性批判 文明 

分 类 号：G84[文化科学—体育训练]