等温信号放大策略在传染病快速检测中的研究新进展  

New progress in the research of isothermal signal amplification strategies in the rapid detection of infectious diseases

作　　者：王琳瑶 姚修元 罗洁 苏立倩 李永新 WANG Linyao;YAO Xiuyuan;LUO Jie;SU Liqian;LI Yongxin(West China School of Public Health/The Fourth Hospital of West China,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610044,Sichuan Province,China.)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,成都610044

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2025年第2期264-271,共8页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(项目编号:82373633)。

摘　　要：随着全球新发传染病频繁爆发,如严重急性呼吸综合症(severe acute respiratory syndromes,SARS)疫情、甲型流感病毒H1N1大流行、埃博拉疫情、寨卡病毒疫情和新型冠状病毒(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)大流行等,对公共卫生构成了重大挑战。针对这些疫情,早期、准确的病原检测至关重要。传统检测方法,如病原培养和聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)在效率和适用性上存在局限,尤其是在资源匮乏地区。等温信号放大技术(isothermal signal amplification technology,ISAT)作为新兴的检测技术,因其在恒定温度下具有高效扩增核酸或信号放大能力,逐渐受到关注。本文综述了不同等温信号放大技术的原理、特点及其在传染病病原检测中的研究进展,包括酶辅助技术,如环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)、重组酶聚合酶扩增技术(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)、滚环扩增(rolling circle amplification,RCA)等和无酶技术,如催化发夹组装(catalytic hairpin assembly,CHA)、杂交链式反应(hybridization chain reaction,HCR)、熵驱动反应(entropy driven circuit,EDC)等。此外,也探讨了等温技术与其他新兴技术,如CRISPR、智能手机和微流控技术的集成应用,强调了其在快速、灵敏现场检测中的潜力。In recent years,frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases,such as severe acute respiratory syndromes(SARS),H1N1 influenza,Ebola,Zika virus,and corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19),pose a major challenge to public health.In response to these outbreaks,early and accurate pathogen detection is crucial.Traditional testing methods,such as pathogen culture and PCR(polymerase chain reaction),have limitations in efficiency and applicability,especially in resource-poor areas.Therefore,isothermal signal amplification technology(ISAT),as an emerging detection technique,has gradually attracted extensive attention due to its ability to efficiently amplify nucleic acids or enhance signal capability at a constant temperature.In this review,the principles and characteristics of different isothermal signal amplification technology and their research progress in the detection of infectious disease pathogens were summarized,including enzyme-assisted technologies,such as loopmediated isothermal amplification(LAMP),recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)and rolling circle amplification(RCA),and enzyme-free technologies,such as catalytic hairpin assembly(CHA),hybridization chain reaction(HCR)and entropy driven circuit(EDC).In addition,the integration of isothermal amplification technology with other new technologies,such as CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats),smartphones and microfluidics,was discussed,highlighting its potential for rapid and sensitive in-situ detection.

关 键 词：等温扩增 传染病 病原 检测 

分 类 号：O657.1[理学—分析化学]