北京市老年人认知功能现状与晚年危险因素、社会心理的关联研究  

Status and association of late-life modifiable risk factors,psychosocial factors,and cognitive function among the elderly in Beijing

作　　者：林郁婷 王华丽[2] 纪颖[1] 田宇 巩俐彤[4] 张明明 陈子砚 常春[1] LIN Yu-ting;WANG Hua-li;JI Ying;TIAN Yu;GONG Li-tong;ZHANG Ming-ming;CHEN Ziyan;CHANG Chun(Department of Social Medicine and Health Education,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育系,北京100191 [2]北京大学第六医院/国家精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心,北京100191 [3]北京市新街口社区卫生服务中心,北京100035 [4]北京市大兴区疾病预防控制中心,北京102699 [5]北京市白纸坊社区卫服务中心,北京100054

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2025年第1期8-12,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：中国社区卫生协会资助-社区卫生科研基金项目(20212041)。

摘　　要：目的本研究旨在探讨北京市老年人晚年可改变的风险因素、社会心理因素和认知功能之间的关系,并探讨其现状。方法于2023年5—6月在北京市开展的横断面研究,采用方便抽样抽取社区和养老院中60岁及以上的老年人。使用SPSS27.0软件对不同认知功能水平的老年人群进行单因素及多因素分析,探索认知功能的关联因素。认知功能采用我国香港及内地学者共同开发的一款简易认知评估工具进行评估。结果共纳入老年人349名,平均年龄(73.0±10.5)岁,大部分受过小学和初中教育,认知功能总分的平均值为(24.3±1.6)分。多因素线性回归结果显示,有抑郁症状的老年人认知功能水平往往较低(β=-0.90,95%CI:-1.37~-0.43),体育活动高水平组和中水平组的中国老年人认知功能水平更高(β=0.38,95%CI:0.00~0.76;β=0.77,95%CI:0.23~1.31)。结论应根据不同人群的特点,有针对性地加强认知健康干预,并强调老年人定期进行记忆检查的重要性。Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between modifiable risk factors,psychosocial factors,and cognitive functioning in later life among older adults in Beijing,and to explore their current status.Methods A cross-sectional study conducted in May-June 2023 in Beijing,using convenience sampling of older adults aged 60 years or older in the communities and nursing homes.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the correlates of cognitive function using SPSS 27.0 among the elderly population with different levels of cognitive function.Cognitive function was assessed using a simple cognitive assessment tool jointly developed by our scholars from the China's Mainland and Hong Kong region.Results A total of 349 older adults were included,with a mean age of 73.0±10.5 years,most of whom had primary and junior high school education,and a mean total cognitive function score of 24.3±1.6.The results of multifactorial linear regression showed that older adults with depressive symptoms tended to have lower levels of cognitive functioning(β=-0.90,95%CI:-1.37--0.43),and that Chinese older adults in the high and intermediate levels of physical activity groups had significantly higher cognitive functioning on the HKBC scale(β=0.38,95%CI:0.00-0.76;β=0.77,95%CI:0.23-1.31).Conclusion Cognitive health interventions should be targeted and strengthened according to the characteristics of different populations,and the importance of regular memory screening for older adults should be emphasized.

关 键 词：认知功能 晚年关联因素 老年人 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]