12~18月龄幼儿辅食添加和胃肠道健康的关联研究  

Study on the association between dietary supplement and gastrointestinal health in infants aged 12 to 18 months

作　　者：李文佳 朱海燕[2] 梁思雨 刘兰 王瑞琛 訾天琪 李洁 LI Wen-jia;ZHU Hai-yan;LIANG Si-yu;LIU Lan;WANG Rui-chen;ZI Tian-qi;LI Jie(School of Pubic Health,Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050011,China)

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学公共卫生学院,河北石家庄050011 [2]首都医科大学附属复兴医院,北京100038 [3]北京营养师协会,北京100050 [4]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心,北京100070

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2025年第1期69-74,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：北京营养师协会基金项目:配方奶粉对幼儿生长发育的对比研究(2022FXHEC-KY009)。

摘　　要：目的了解12~18月龄幼儿辅食添加和胃肠道健康现状及两者之间的关联,为指导幼儿辅食添加和改善幼儿胃肠道健康工作提供理论依据。方法于2022年3—12月期间,在北京市随机招募260名12~18月龄幼儿及其照护者进行问卷调查。采用χ2检验和二元Logistic回归分析幼儿辅食添加和胃肠道健康之间的关联。结果260名幼儿中,有179(68.9%)名幼儿为适龄辅食添加。辅食添加种类中,谷类根茎类和富含维生素A的蔬果添加人数最多,分别为99.6%(259/260)、98.8%(257/260),豆类和坚果占比最低24.6%(64/260)。胃肠道问题中发生人数最高的是便秘33.8%(88/260)。二元Logistic回归结果显示:辅食中添加奶制品幼儿在过去1周内发生便秘、胀气和腹胀的概率比辅食中不添加奶制品幼儿更高,OR值分别为0.519(95%CI:0.286~0.941)、0.480(95%CI:0.250~0.922)和0.349(95%CI:0.156~0.780);辅食中添加其他水果和蔬菜幼儿在过去1周内发生腹泻的概率比辅食中不添加其他水果和蔬菜幼儿更高,OR值为2.202(95%CI:0.813~5.961)。结论辅食添加过早和过晚的问题仍然存在,胃肠道问题在幼儿中的发生率约占1/3,辅食添加和胃肠道问题发生之间存在一定的关联。Objective To investigate the relationship between complementary food supplementation and gastrointestinal health of infants aged 12 to 18 months,and to provide theoretical basis for guiding complementary food supplementation and improving gastrointestinal health of infants.Methods From March to December 2022,a total of 260 infants aged12-18 months and their caregivers were randomly recruited in Beijing to conduct a questionnaire survey.χ~2 test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the association between dietary supplements and gastrointestinal health in infants.Results Among 260 infants,179(68.9%)of them took age recommendation complementary food.Among the types of complementary foods added,the proportions of who added cereal roots and vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin A were the highest,99.6%(259/260)and 98.8%(257/260),while the proportion of beans and nuts were the lowest,24.6%(64/260).The highest incidence of gastrointestinal problems was constipation(33.8%,88 of 260).Binary logistic regression results showed infants who took milk products in the past week had higher rates of constipation,gas and bloating than infants without milk products.OR values were 0.519(95%CI:0.286-0.941),0.480(95%CI:0.250-0.922)and 0.349(95%CI:0.156-0.780),respectively.Infants who took other fruits and vegetables in the past week had higher probability of diarrhea than children without fruits and vegetables(OR=2.202,95%CI:0.813-5.961).Conclusion The problem of adding complementary foods too early and too late still exists,and the incidence of gastrointestinal problems in young children accounts for about one-third.There is certain correlation between the addition of complementary foods and the occurrence of gastrointestinal problems.

关 键 词：幼儿 辅食 胃肠道 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]