2013—2022年绵阳市涪城区水痘疫情流行特征分析  

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Fucheng District of Mianyang City from 2013 to 2022

作　　者：刘金玉[1] 张先德 周彪 LIU Jinyu;ZHANG Xiande;ZHOU Biao(Fucheng Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Mianyang 621000,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]绵阳市涪城区疾病预防控制中心,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2025年第1期40-44,共5页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的分析2013—2022年绵阳市涪城区水痘疫情流行特征,为有效预防与控制水痘疫情的发生与流行提供科学依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统的传染病报告信息管理系统中,导出2013—2022年居住于绵阳市涪城区,各医疗机构报告的水痘疫情数据。用Excel 2010软件建立数据库,采用SPSS 22.0软件对水痘发病趋势和三间(时间、地区、人群)分布特征进行分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,检验水准为α=0.05。结果2013—2022年绵阳市涪城区共报告水痘病例4417例,无死亡病例。共发生水痘聚集性疫情62起,235例。水痘疫情年均报告发病率为75.82/10万,不同年度水痘发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=600.784,P<0.001),且呈逐年上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=47.253,P<0.001)。报告发病年均增长率为8.85%。城区街道发病率(102.55/10万)高于农村乡镇(26.22/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1019.227,P<0.001)。水痘报告发病有2个发病高峰,以10月至次年1月形成第1个发病高峰,4至6月形成第2个发病高峰。男性水痘报告发病率(85.98/10万)高于女性(65.64/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=79.492,P<0.001)。报告发病年龄以10~14岁年龄组较高,发病率为519.34/10万;不同年龄组水痘报告发病差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13710.233,P<0.001)。水痘报告发病职业以学生为主(77.75%)。绵阳市涪城区适龄儿童接种第1、2剂次水痘疫苗接种率分别为83.42%和72.71%。结论绵阳市涪城区水痘报告发病率呈逐年上升趋势,主要人群为学生(中、小学生),城区街道报告发病率高于农村乡镇,男性高于女性,发病时间以10月至次年1月为主。应加强对适龄儿童及时接种2剂次水痘疫苗。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Fucheng District,Mianyang City from 2013 to 2022,and to provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of the occurrence and prevalence of chickenpox epidemic.Methods The chickenpox epidemic data reported by various medical institutions residing in Fucheng District,Mianyang City from 2013 to 2022 were derived from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Excel 2010 software was used to establish a database of the data.SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the trend of chickenpox incidence and the distribution characteristics of three intervals(time,region and population).The comparison of rates was conducted byχ^(2)test,with a test level ofα=0.05.Results From 2013 to 2022,a total of 4417 cases of chickenpox were reported in Fucheng District,Mianyang City,with no death.A total of 62 cases of clustered outbreaks of chickenpox occurred,with 235 cases.The average annual reported incidence rate of varicella epidemic was75.82/105.There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of varicella in different years(χ^(2)=600.784,P<0.001),and it showed an upward trend year by year(χ_(trend)^(2)=47.253,P<0.001).The average annual growth rate of reported incidence was 8.85%.The incidence rate of urban streets(102.55/105)was higher than that of rural towns(26.22/105),with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=1019.227,P<0.001).There were two peaks in the reported incidence of chickenpox,with the first peak occurring from October to January of the following year and the second peak occurring from April to June.The reported incidence rate of varicella in men(85.98/105)was higher than that in women(65.64/105),with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=79.492,P<0.001).The reported incidence was higher in the age group of 10-14 years old,and the incidence rate was 519.34/105.There were statistically significant differenc

关 键 词：病毒 水痘 发病特征 疫苗接种 分析 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]