三江源国家公园大型动物多样性监测技术及应用  

Large animal diversity monitoring technology and application in Sanjiangyuan National Park

作　　者：王钊齐 赵亮 李奇[3] 张同作[3] 江峰[3] 张桂峰 赵星涛 郑凯 马涛 向明学 赵新全 WANG Zhaoqi;ZHAO Liang;LI Qi;ZHANG Tongzuo;JIANG Feng;ZHANG Guifeng;ZHAO Xingtao;ZHENG Kai;MA Tao;XIANG Mingxue;ZHAO Xinquan(State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810010,China;Qinghai Sanjiangyuan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Xining 810010,China;Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing KingGIS Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁810010 [2]青海三江源草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,西宁810010 [3]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810008 [4]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京100094 [5]北京帝信科技有限公司,北京100070

出　　处：《国家公园(中英文)》2025年第1期1-13,共13页Natinonal Park

基　　金：青海省“帅才科学家负责制”项目(2024⁃SF⁃102)。

摘　　要：三江源国家公园是高寒生态系统的典型代表,是我国最重要的生物多样性资源库和基因库之一,保护公园内生物多样性对于落实好国家生态战略具有重要意义。生态环境监测和大型动物种群数量空间分布调查是三江源区生物多样性保护的核心,调查和监测方法是关键。迄今,已有众多方法应用于三江源区生态环境变化监测和动物种群数量的调查中。研究综述了地面样线法、红外相机法、无人机、系留气球、直升机和卫星在动物种群数量调查研究中的主要技术流程,设备的关键参数,人工智能在动物解译中的优势以及在实际应用中的优缺点。指出大型动物种群数量监测技术面临的困难与挑战,并就监测技术的未来发展方向进行探讨,以期为未来国家公园现代化监测技术体系建设探索有效途径。Sanjiangyuan National Park as a typical representative of alpine ecosystems is one of the most important biodiversity resources and gene pools in China.Protecting the park′s biodiversity is crucial for implementing the national ecological strategy.Ecological environment monitoring and spatial distribution surveys of large animal populations are key aspects of biodiversity conservation in Sanjiangyuan region.Various methods are currently employed to monitor ecological changes and survey the spatial distribution of large animal populations in this area.Line transect method is simple to operate and cost⁃effective.Moreover,it allows direct observation of animals and recording behavioral details.However,it faces challenges in monitoring highly elusive animals and is relatively inefficient in complex terrains.Infrared cameras can provide 24⁃hour monitoring without disturbing animal activities,and capture images for species identification.Nevertheless,it is limited by battery life and storage capacity,which requires regular maintenance.Unmanned Aerial Vehicle can quickly cover large areas and obtain high⁃resolution images.It is more cost⁃effectively than helicopters,with greater operational flexibility.However,it cannot perform long⁃term continuous monitoring,might disturb wildlife during flights,and are subject to weather and airspace constraints.Tethered balloons can hover at fixed points for extended periods,offering continuous monitoring of specific areas and facilitating detailed observations of animal activities and behavior changes.However,their monitoring range is fixed,making them unsuitable for quickly covering vast areas or for use in complex terrains and strong winds.Helicopters offer high mobility,enable rapid access to hard⁃to⁃reach areas and carry specialized monitoring equipment for comprehensive surveillance.However,they are costly,produce significant noise that can disturb wildlife,and require professional operation knowledge and airspace permissions.Satellite monitoring provides broad

关 键 词：生物多样性 三江源国家公园 空中监测平台 大型动物 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X835