不同类型地膜覆盖对宁夏旱作区土壤环境及饲用型作物生长的影响  

Effects of Different Types of Surface Mulching on Soil Environment and Growth of Forage Crop in Ningxia Dry Farming Area

作　　者：李凯 罗世武 王湛 杨军学 王勇 王斐 张建彤 LI Kai;LUO Shiwu;WANG Zhan;YANG Junxue;WANG Yong;WANG Fei;ZHANG Jiantong(Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Ningxia Dry-Farming Agricultural Engineering Research Center,Guyuan 756000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院固原分院/宁夏旱作农业工程研究中心,宁夏固原756000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2025年第1期90-100,共11页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划项目(2021BBF02021);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC05048);固原市科技研发类计划项目(2021GYKYF028);国家谷子高粱产业技术体系项目(CARS-06-14.5-A18)。

摘　　要：为探究不同类型地膜覆盖下土壤环境及饲用型作物生长特征,以饲用玉米(C)和饲用高粱(S)为材料,采用渗水地膜(1)、普通地膜(2)、生物降解地膜(3)3种覆盖材料种植,测定2种作物生长特性、生物产量及土壤温湿度、养分、酶活性的变化。结果显示,C3和S3处理株高和SPAD值均低于其他处理。C1和C2处理鲜草产量较C3处理分别显著提高23.01、26.56%,S1和S2处理鲜草产量分别较S3处理显著提高18.61%、24.70%。与其他处理相比,C3和S3处理总体上均降低了土壤含水量和温度。C1、C2处理有机质和碱解氮含量分别较C3处理显著提高14.19%、14.62%和17.64%、19.86%,S1、S2处理有机质和碱解氮含量分别较S3处理显著提高13.08%、9.63%和38.19%、36.32%;土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性均表现为C2>C1>C3、S1>S2>S3,且C2和S1处理均显著高于其他处理。综上,在宁夏旱作区种植饲用玉米覆盖材料以普通地膜为宜,饲用高粱覆盖材料以渗水地膜为宜。To investigate the soil environment and growth characteristics of feed crops under different types of surface mulching,feed corn(C)and feed sorghum(S)were used as materials.Three types of mulching materials,namely permeable plastic film(1),ordinary plastic film(2),and biodegradable plastic film(3),were used for planting.The growth characteristics,biological yield,soil temperature and humidity,nutrients,and enzyme activity of the two crops were measured.The results showed that the plant height and SPAD values of C3 and S3 treatments were lower than those of other treatments.The fresh grass yield of C1 and C2 treatments significantly increased by 23.01%and 26.56%respectively compared to C3 treatment,while the fresh grass yield of S1 and S2 treatments significantly increased by 18.61%and 24.70%respectively compared to S3 treatment.Compared with other treatments,both C3 and S3 treatments generally reduced soil moisture content and temperature.The organic matter and alkaline nitrogen content in C1 and C2 treatments were significantly increased by 14.19%,14.62%,17.64%,and 19.86%,respectively,compared to C3 treatment.The organic matter and alkaline nitrogen content in S1 and S2 treatments were significantly increased by 13.08%,9.63%,38.19%,and 36.32%,respectively,compared to S3 treatment.The activity of soil catalase and sucrase showed the order of C2>C1>C3 and S1>S2>S3,and both C2 and S1 treatments were significantly higher than other treatments.In summary,ordinary plastic film is suitable for planting feed corn in arid areas of Ningxia,while permeable plastic film is suitable for planting feed sorghum.

关 键 词：地膜覆盖 饲用玉米 饲用高粱 产量 土壤环境 旱作区 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S54[农业科学—农业基础科学]