自杀风险的评估:基于诊断的视角  

Suicide risk assessment: A diagnostic perspective

作　　者：侯祥庆 杨盈 张倩倩 杨丽[2,3] HOU Xiangqing;YANG Ying;ZHANG Qianqian;YANG Li(School of Education,Tianjin University;Institute of Applied Psychology,Tianjin University;Laboratory of Suicidal Behavior Research,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学教育学院 [2]天津大学应用心理研究所 [3]天津市自杀心理与行为研究实验室,天津300350

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2025年第3期494-505,共12页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21BSH017)支持。

摘　　要：自杀风险的评估是干预的前提和基础,但其标准化和准确性一直是自杀领域面临的主要挑战。近年来,越来越多的研究表明自杀并非仅限于某些特定精神障碍的诊断范畴,而是一种跨诊断的临床综合征。因此,设置单独的自杀诊断以改进临床自杀风险的评估成为了新的研究方向,已形成的自杀行为障碍、自杀危机综合征和急性自杀情感障碍等诊断方案在实证研究和临床应用上也取得了进展。然而,现有的诊断方案仍不成熟,其实际应用也存在潜在的风险。未来需要从内涵界定、诊断鉴别和研究设计等方面进行完善和验证。Suicide risk assessment is fundamental to effective intervention,but its standardization and accuracy have been a major challenge for the field of suicide.Recent research on the relationship between suicide and mental disorders has found that suicide is not limited to the diagnostic of some specific mental disorders,but is a transdiagnostic clinical syndrome.As a result,the field of suicide has begun to explore the possibility of setting a suicide-specific diagnosis to improve suicide risk assessment.Diagnostic models,such as suicidal behavior disorder,suicidal crisis syndrome and acute suicidal affective disorder,have shown promising advances in empirical research and clinical application.However,these diagnostic approaches remain underdeveloped and carry potential risks in practical application.Future efforts should focus on refining and validating these models by clarifying conceptual definitions,improving diagnostic differentiation,enhancing research design,and developing assessment tools.

关 键 词：自杀 精神障碍 评估 预测 自杀诊断 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]