社会阶层成长型心智对大学生学业和职业投入的影响  

The influence of the growth mindset of socioeconomic status on academic and career engagement among college students

作　　者：任小云 段锦云 张茜[1] REN Xiaoyun;DUAN Jinyun;ZHANG Qian(School of Economics and Management,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China;School of Psychology and Cognitive Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学经济管理学院,杭州310018 [2]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《心理学报》2025年第3期447-462,共16页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金(72301247);浙江省哲学社会科学规划青年课题(24NDQN177YBM);浙江省自然科学基金探索青年项目(LQ24G020005)资助。

摘　　要：社会阶层成长型心智(SES成长型心智)代表了个体对自身阶层能够发生流动的积极信念。基于内隐理论,采用问卷法(研究1)和实验法(研究2)考察了大学生SES成长型心智对学业和职业投入的影响及其阶层差异。结果发现:(1)SES成长型心智提高了学业投入,该作用在家庭主观SES较低的群体中较强;(2)SES成长型心智提高了职业投入,该作用在家庭主观SES较高的群体中较强;(3)家庭主观SES影响了个体在做计划时的时间导向。家庭主观SES较低的个体具有较近的时间导向,这强化了SES成长型心智与学业投入的关系;家庭主观SES较高的个体有着相对较远的时间导向,从而促进了SES成长型心智与职业投入的关系。研究结果有望从主观能动性的角度为个体实现阶层流动提供理论与实践参考。The growth mindset of socioeconomic status(SES growth mindset)refers to the belief that social standing is malleable and can be developed through one’s efforts and practices.Individuals with a strong SES growth mindset tend to have a positive cognition of social class mobility,believing that they have the potential to reach a higher status.In line with implicit theory,the SES growth mindset has strong motivational functions,which may encourage individuals to acquire the resources necessary for improving their social standing.Given that higher education is pivotal for upward mobility,and college students are at a crucial stage in building their status,this research focused on how SES growth mindset influences their academic and career engagement.Drawing on resource scarcity theory,this research further incorporated how SES growth mindset interacts with family subjective SES to determine whether its impact varies among individuals with different SES backgrounds.To address these questions,we conducted two studies.Study 1 used a time-lagged method to investigate the relationships between SES growth mindset and the two types of engagement,as well as the moderating role of family subjective SES.Additionally,Study 1 examined whether time orientation mediated the moderation effect of family subjective SES.Study 2 aimed to test the causal effect of SES growth mindset on academic and career engagement with two scenario-based experiments.In Study 2a,we manipulated the SES growth mindset of participants and then tested their intentions to engage in academic and career tasks.In Study 2b,we further investigated how family subjective SES influences these relationships via time orientation.The results revealed that SES growth mindset has a positive impact on academic and career engagement.The relationship between SES growth mindset and academic engagement was stronger for individuals with a low family subjective SES,while the relationship between SES growth mindset and career engagement was stronger for individuals with high f

关 键 词：社会阶层 内隐理论 成长型心智 学业与职业投入 时间导向 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] B849[哲学宗教—心理学] C91[经济管理]