谢灵运诗歌创作分期与审美倾向新论——从老庄典故所反映的“轻老重庄”现象谈起  

Reexamining the Stages and Aesthetic Preference of Xie Lingyun’s Poems:The Influence of Zhuang Zi over Lao Zi

作　　者：娄纯滢 耿振东 LOU Chunying;GENG Zhendong(Qi Culture Research Institute,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学齐文化研究院,山东淄博255000

出　　处：《湖州师范学院学报》2025年第1期87-96,共10页Journal of Huzhou University

摘　　要：“轻老重庄”指在同时接受以老子、庄子为代表的道家思想的过程中,更加注重庄子思想的现象。通过梳理谢灵运诗歌中的老庄典故及其所传达的思想,发现他最初倾向于老子用世思想,后由于政治和个人原因,老子用世思想逐渐被庄子遁世思想压制,最终庄子遁世思想占据思想主位。根据谢灵运对老庄思想接受态度的变化,可将其诗歌创作由传统的六阶段分期重新划分为前、中、后三个阶段,这样的创作分期法能更好地把握诗人思想情感变迁,从而对其诗歌作出更为深刻的理解。在“轻老重庄”思潮影响下,谢灵运在诗歌创作过程中,重视浑成逼真的自然取向以及清新风格的审美建构,并进一步促使其清新的审美追求外化为行动,加快其隐遁山林、沉浸山水的步伐。这不仅促进谢诗清新特色与开阔高远的心灵境界的形成,还有助于中国山水文化的进一步发展。“Neglecting Lao Zi and emphasizing Zhuang Zi”refers to the tendency to focus more on the ideas of Zhuang Zi while simultaneously engaging with Taoist thought as represented by both Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi.An analysis of the allusions to Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi,and the ideas conveyed in Xie’s poems,reveals that Xie was initially drawn to Lao Zi’s idea about engaging with the world.However,over time,Zhuang Zi’s philosophy of retreating from the world gradually overshadowed this,ultimately becoming the dominant influence on Xie’s thinking,due to both political and personal factors.Based on the change of Xie’s attitude towards the thoughts of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi,his poems can be reclassified into early,middle and late stages,rather than the traditional six stages.This classification can help readers better understand the changes of the poet’s thoughts and feelings,leading to a deeper interpretation of his poems.In addition,as a result of“neglecting Lao Zi and emphasizing Zhuang Zi”,Xie Lingyun placed greater emphasis on nature imagery and the aesthetic of freshness in his poetry.His pursuit of a fresh aesthetic accelerated his decision to live a reclusive life in the mountains,immersing himself in nature.This not only promotes the development of Xie’s fresh aesthetic characteristics,and broad spiritual vision,but also contributes to the further evolution of Chinese landscape culture.

关 键 词：谢灵运 诗歌 轻老重庄 

分 类 号：I207.227[文学—中国文学]