生物质炭对蚯蚓肠道中活体微生物数量与菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Biochar on Active Microbial Numbers and Bacterial Community Structure in Earthworm Guts

作　　者：丁浚刚 黄魁[1,2] 夏慧 陈景阳 DING Jungang;HUANG Kui;XIA Hui;CHEN Jingyang(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Key laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省黄河水环境重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《兰州交通大学学报》2025年第1期129-136,共8页Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52100016);甘肃省科技计划项目(2024CXPT-14)。

摘　　要：微生物在协助蚯蚓进行肠道消化实现有机质降解中发挥重要作用,生物质炭通过改变基质环境影响微生物种群,从而调控堆肥进程,但其对蚯蚓肠道中微生物的影响尚不明确。向脱水污泥中分别添加5%(质量比)的玉米芯炭和稻壳炭,经过7 d的蚯蚓肠道消化,采用叠氮溴化丙锭(PMA)对蚯蚓肠道样品进行预处理,探讨不同类型生物质炭对蚯蚓肠道中活体微生物数量与细菌种群的影响.结果显示,生物质炭显著增强污泥有机质的降解、矿化和硝化作用(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,玉米芯炭显著提高蚯蚓肠道中活体细菌和真菌的绝对丰度,分别增加4.04%和25.03%(P<0.05)。两种生物质炭均显著提高了蚯蚓肠道中活体细菌的Shannon和Chao1指数(P<0.05)。而玉米芯炭更能显著改变细菌群落的β多样性。此外,两种生物质炭均显著增加肠道中的变形菌门的丰度(P<0.05),但玉米芯炭进一步提升了氮循环相关菌属的丰度。研究表明,不同类型生物质炭对蚯蚓肠道中活体微生物的影响存在差异,其中玉米芯炭能够有效提升其微生物的数量并改变细菌群落结构。研究结果为利用生物质炭调控蚯蚓堆肥过程提供了科学依据,为洞察蚯蚓肠道微生物提供理论基础。Microorganisms assisting with gut digestion of earthworm play a crucial role in degrading organic matter.Biochar can affect microbial populations by modifying substrate conditions,thereby influencing the vermicomposting process.However,the specific effects of biochar on gut microbes of earthworms remain poorly explored.In this study,the corncob biochar and rice husk biocharwere separately mixed into dewatered sludge with 5%(w/w)and allowed for a 7 day digestion period in the earthworm gut.The collected samples were pre treated with propidium monoazide(PMA)to assess the number and community of active microbes.The results showed that biochar significantly enhanced the degradation and mineralization of organic matter,and nitrification in dewatered sludge(P<0.05).Compared to the control,the corncob biochar significantly increased the number of active bacteria and fungi in the earthworm gut by 4.04%and 25.03%,respectively(P<0.05).In addition,both biochars significantly elevated the Shannon and Chao1 indices of active bacteria in the gut(P<0.05),whereas,only corncob biochar significantly altered theβdiversity of the bacterial community.Moreover,both biochars promoted the abundance of Proteobacteria,with corncob biochar enriching nitrogen cycling associated taxa.These findings indicate that biochar,particularly corncob biochar,enhances microbial abundance and alters microbial community structure in the earthworm gut.This study offers scientific evidence supporting the use of biochar to modulate the vermicomposting process and provides a theoretical framework for understanding the gut microbiota of earthworms.

关 键 词：蚯蚓堆肥 生物质炭 蚯蚓肠道 微生物 污泥 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]