金属露天矿土壤重金属迁移扩散规律与防治技术研究进展  

Research Progress on Migration and Diffusion Law and Prevention Technology of Heavy Metals in Soil of Metal Open-Pit Mine

作　　者：刘思懿 顾晓薇[1] 胥孝川[1] 曹洋 吕蒙 朱振国 赵昀奇 LIU Siyi;GU Xiaowei;XU Xiaochuan;CAO Yang;LYU Meng;ZHU Zhenguo;ZHAO Yunqi(College of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110819,China;Ansteel Group Mining Corportion Limited,Anshan,Liaoning 114001,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳110819 [2]鞍钢集团矿业有限公司,辽宁鞍山市114001

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2025年第2期195-203,共9页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074061,51974060);辽宁省基本科研面上资助项目(JYTMS20230616);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(N2201009);沈阳市科技计划专项项目(22322302)。

摘　　要：金属露天矿开采过程中,排弃大量废石、尾矿等固体废弃物,在风吹、日晒、雨淋作用下,废弃物中的重金属等有害物质进入土壤,导致矿区及周边的土壤受到污染。因此,研究露天矿区土壤重金属元素的产生、迁移和富集对指导矿山重金属污染防治具有重要意义。介绍了露天矿中污染源类型、土壤性质以及水力作用对污染物迁移的影响规律,并总结了矿区土壤重金属污染风险改善措施,指出了进一步研究土壤理化性质对重金属迁移的影响规律并建立相应数值模型的重要性,以及针对性形成全面立体化重金属污染防治体系的必要性,为矿区土壤污染治理提供理论支持。During the mining process of metal open-pit mines,a large amount of solid wastes such as waste rocks and tailings are discarded.Under the action of wind,sun and rain,harmful substances such as heavy metals in the wastes enter the soil,causing the soil in the mining areas and surrounding areas to be polluted.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the production,migration and enrichment of heavy metal elements in open-pit mine soil to guide the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in mines.The types of pollution sources,soil properties and the influence of hydraulic action on the migration of pollutants in open-pit mines were introduced,and the measures to improve the risk of soil heavy metal pollution in mining areas were summarized.It points out that further research is of great significance on the influence of soil physical and chemical properties on the migration of heavy metals and establishing corresponding numerical models,and it is necessary to form a comprehensive three-dimensional heavy metal pollution prevention and control system.The study can provide a theoretical support for the control of soil pollution in mining areas.

关 键 词：土壤污染 重金属污染 金属露天矿 迁移规律 防治技术 

分 类 号：X54[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TD854[矿业工程—金属矿开采]