昆明犬3~12月龄行为特征纵向研究  

A Longitudinal Study of Behavioral Characteristics in Kunming Dogs Aged 3 to 12 Months

作　　者：方绍勤 尹洪伟 李杰 徐虎 万揆 牟玉莲[4] FANG Shaoqin;YIN Hongwei;LI Jie;XU Hu;WAN Kui;MU Yulian(Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security,Kunming 650204,China;Key Laboratory of Police Dog Technology of Ministry of Public Security,Kunming 650204,China;Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518120,China;Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部昆明警犬基地,昆明650204 [2]警犬技术公安部重点实验室,昆明650204 [3]中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所,深圳518120 [4]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2025年第2期657-665,共9页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：公安部技术研究重点项目(2022JSZ17)。

摘　　要：旨在研究昆明犬行为特征发展规律,并探索其与月龄、性别之间的关联。本研究选取昆明犬幼犬100头(公、母各50头),从3~12月龄进行纵向研究,对其行为特征4个核心指标即奔跑速度、占有欲望、环境适应和嗅觉能力进行测试及差异分析,每月测试一次。结果表明,昆明犬的奔跑速度在幼犬阶段至成年阶段逐渐提高,性别对奔跑速度的影响较小;占有欲望方面,母犬在特定月龄表现出更强烈的占有欲望,而公犬则保持稳定趋势;社会适应方面,昆明犬在3~12月龄呈现出稳步上升的趋势,但性别差异显著,除特定月龄外,母犬社会适应性和公犬相比较弱;嗅觉能力方面,昆明犬保持相对稳定的高水平,未表现出明显的上升趋势。根据工作犬的生理、行为和受训内容,确定以奔跑速度、占有欲望、环境适应和嗅觉能力4个核心指标表征昆明犬行为特征,4个核心指标在月龄和性别方面各具特点,呈现出昆明犬的优势特征与不足,为昆明犬的性状选育、种群发展和训练使用等提供更加全面和科学的依据。The aim of this study was to study the developmental patterns of behavioral characteristics of Kunming dogs and to explore their associations with age and gender.A total of 100 Kunming puppy dogs(50 males and 50 females)were selected and longitudinally studied from 3 to 12 months of age.Their behavioral characteristics were tested and analyzed for 4 core indicators:running speed,possession,social adaptation and olfactory ability,with tests conducted once a month.The results showed that the running speed of Kunming dogs gradually increased from the puppy stage to the adult stage,with gender having a minimal impact on running speed;in terms of possession,female dogs exhibited a stronger desire to possess at specific ages,while male dogs maintained a stable trend;in terms of social adaptation,Kunming dogs showed a steady upward trend from 3 to 12 months of age,but there was a significant gender difference,with female dogs being relatively less socially adaptable than male dogs,except at specific ages;in terms of olfactory ability,Kunming dogs maintained a relatively stable high level and did not show a clear upward trend.Based on the physiology,behavior,and training content of working dogs,the 4 core indicators of running speed,possession,social adaptation and olfactory ability are used to characterize the behavioral characteristics of Kunming dogs.These 4 core indicators each have their own characteristics in terms of age and gender,showing the strengths and weaknesses of Kunming dogs,and providing a more comprehensive and scientific basis for the breeding selection,population development,and training use of Kunming dogs.

关 键 词：昆明犬 行为特征 核心指标 纵向研究 

分 类 号：S829.2[农业科学—畜牧学]