熊果酸对肉鸡胸肌肉品质和木质化鸡胸肉的影响  

Effects of Ursolic Acid on Breast Meat Quality and Wooden Breast of Broilers

作　　者：张喜闻 尹月 李响 王敏 王永芳 靳舒宁 冯鑫辉 赵玉蓉[1] ZHANG Xiwen;YIN Yue;LI Xiang;WANG Min;WANG Yongfang;JIN Shuning;FENG Xinhui;ZHAO Yurong(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2025年第2期711-721,共11页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1301204)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究450 mg·kg^(-1)熊果酸(UA)对肉鸡胸肌肉品质的影响和探讨其对木质化鸡胸肉的可能作用机制。试验选取初始体重相近的艾拔益佳(AA)肉鸡120只为试验动物,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,一组饲喂基础日粮(CON组),另一组饲喂基础日粮+450 mg·kg^(-1)熊果酸(UA组)。结果表明:1)UA显著降低木质化鸡胸肉的发病率且在轻微或中度的木质化鸡胸肉中的作用最为显著(P<0.05)。2)UA可改善肉鸡胸肌肉品质,表现为剪切力、黄度和滴水损失显著下降,但pH 45min显著上升(P<0.05);3)组织切片观察结果显示,UA显著降低肌纤维直径、肌纤维横截面积和胶原容积比,显著提高肌纤维密度(P<0.01);4)UA显著降低血清CK和HYP含量(P<0.01),显著降低胸肌PFK、LDH活性,显著提高胸肌糖原含量(P<0.01),但对血清GLU含量无显著影响(P>0.05);5)UA不仅显著提高胸肌T-AOC水平、GSH-Px活性和降低MDA含量(P<0.05),而且还能显著降低胸肌TNF-α、IL-6和TGF-β1含量(P<0.05);6)在基因表达水平上,UA显著降低胸肌组织TGF-β1、IL-6、TNF-α、LDHA、PFK1、HIF-1α、PI 3K、Akt1、P 65基因的表达量(P<0.05),显著提高Smad 7基因的表达量(P<0.01)。综上所述,UA可抑制糖酵解,提高肌糖原含量,减少胸肌氧化应激和胸肌炎症对肉鸡造成的不良影响,改善了胸肌肉品质;UA能有效降低肉鸡木质化鸡胸肉的发病率,这一结果可能是UA通过抑制PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α信号通路和增强TGF-β1/Smads信号通路的负反馈调节作用所实现的。因此,在肉鸡基础日粮中添加450 mg·kg^(-1)UA有望成为缓解木质化鸡胸肉发生的一种有效策略。The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 450 mg·kg^(-1) ursolic acid(UA)on breast muscle quality of broilers and to explore its possible mechanism of action on wooden breast(WB).A total of 120 Arbor Acres(AA)broilers with similar initial body weight were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 10 chickens in each replicate.One group was fed a basal diet(CON group),and the other group was fed a basal diet added with 450 mg·kg-1 UA(UA group).The results of this experiment showed that:1)UA significantly reduced the incidence of wooden breast and had the most significant effect in slightly or moderately WB(P<0.05).2)UA could improve the breast muscle quality of broilers,which showed a significant decrease in shear force,yellowness and drip loss,but a significant increase in pH 45min(P<0.05).3)The results of tissue section observation showed that UA significantly reduced muscle fiber diameter,muscle fiber cross-sectional area and collagen volume ratio,and significantly increased muscle fiber density(P<0.01).4)UA significantly decreased the contents of CK and HYP in serum(P<0.01),significantly decreased the activities of PFK and LDH in breast muscle,and significantly increased the content of glycogen in breast muscle(P<0.01),but had no significant effect on the content of GLU in serum(P>0.05).5)UA not only significantly increased T-AOC level,GSH-Px activity and decreased MDA content in breast muscle(P<0.05),but also significantly decreased the contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and TGF-β1 in breast muscle(P<0.05).6)At the gene expression level,UA significantly reduced the expression of TGF-β1,IL-6,TNF-α,LDHA,PFK1,PI3 K,HIF-1α,Akt1,P65 genes in breast muscle tissue(P<0.05),and significantly increased the expression of Smad7 gene(P<0.01).In summary,UA can improve the quality of breast muscle in broilers,inhibit glycolysis,increase muscle glycogen content,reduce the adverse effects of oxidative stress and inflammation of breast muscle on broilers

关 键 词：鸡 熊果酸 肉品质 木质化鸡胸肉 氧化应激 炎症反应 缺氧诱导因子-1Α 

分 类 号：S831.5[农业科学—畜牧学]