激光增材制造铝合金微观结构及性能研究进展  

Critical Review of Laser Additive Manufactured Aluminum Alloys Parts

作　　者：韩峰 李春阳 王彩妹 黄继强[1,2] 张锐 薛龙 HAN Feng;LI Chunyang;WANG Caimei;ZHANG Rui;XUE Long(School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology,Beijing 102617,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-Mechatronic Equipment Technology,Beijing 102617,China)

机构地区：[1]北京石油化工学院机械工程学院,北京102617 [2]光机电装备技术北京市重点实验室,北京102617

出　　处：《电焊机》2025年第2期1-17,45,共18页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4701100)。

摘　　要：随着现代制造业对材料性能和生产效率的追求,激光增材制造技术因其独特的优势成为研究热点。由于铝合金性能优异,激光增材制造铝合金得到了广泛应用。系统阐明了激光增材制造铝合金的微观组织、耐腐蚀性能、力学性能以及缺陷分析和未来发展趋势。探讨了四种不同类型的激光增材制造铝合金的微观组织。研究表明,激光增材制造过程中的非平衡凝固和大温度梯度导致了与传统铸造工艺不同的微观结构。在耐腐蚀性能方面,激光增材制造铝合金表现出了较好的耐蚀性,这是由于激光增材制造铝合金微观结构的均匀性和晶粒细化而具有潜在的优势。在力学性能方面,激光增材制造铝合金因其细小的晶粒尺寸展现出优异的力学性能,并指出通过优化工艺参数可以进一步提高铝合金的性能。最后,指出激光增材制造铝合金在孔隙率和裂纹等缺陷控制方面仍面临挑战,并提出了未来的发展方向。With the pursuit of material performance and productivity in modern manufacturing industry,laser additive manufacturing technology has become a research hotspot due to its unique advantages.Due to the excellent performance of aluminium alloy,laser additive manufacturing of aluminium alloy has been widely used.This paper systematically elucidates the microstructure,corrosion resistance,mechanical properties as well as defect analysis and future development trend of laser additively manufactured aluminium alloys.The microstructures of four different types of laser additively manufactured aluminium alloys are explored.It is shown that the non-equilibrium solidification and large temperature gradient in the laser additive manufacturing process lead to a different microstructure from that of the conventional casting process.In terms of corrosion resistance,the laser additively manufactured aluminium alloys showed better corrosion resistance,which is potentially advantageous due to the homogeneity of the laser additively manufactured aluminium alloy microstructure and grain refinement.In terms of mechanical properties,the laser additively manufactured aluminium alloys show excellent mechanical properties due to their fine grain size,and it is pointed out that the properties of the aluminium alloys can be further improved by optimizing the process parameters.Finally,it is pointed out that laser additively manufactured aluminium alloys still face challenges in controlling defects such as porosity and cracks,and future development directions are proposed.

关 键 词：激光增材制造铝合金 微观组织 腐蚀 缺陷 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]