激光功率对CMT电弧增材制造316L不锈钢组织与性能的影响  

Influence of Laser Power on the Microstructure and Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by CMT Arc Additive Manufacturing

作　　者：陈大林 宋学平 赵青山 高晓菲 CHEN Dalin;SONG Xueping;ZHAO Qingshan;GAO Xiaofei(School of Mechanical Engineering,Lanzhou Petrochemical Vocational and Technical University,Lanzhou 730060,China;Academic Affairs Office of Lanzhou Petrochemical Vocational and Technical University,Lanzhou 730060,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州石化职业技术大学机械工程学院,甘肃兰州730060 [2]兰州石化职业技术大学教务处,甘肃兰州730060

出　　处：《电焊机》2025年第2期39-45,共7页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅高校教师创新基金项目(2023A-214)。

摘　　要：研究激光功率对CMT电弧增材制造316L不锈钢组织与性能的影响,可以为优化该技术制备316L不锈钢零件提供理论依据。采用316L不锈钢焊丝作为原材料,在不同激光功率下进行CMT电弧增材制造,制备单墙体试样。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、维氏硬度计和拉伸试验机等设备,对试样的微观组织、相组成、硬度和拉伸性能进行分析。结果表明:316不锈钢单墙体微观组织主要由δ铁素体和γ奥氏体组成,中部区域微观组织为树枝晶;激光功率对316L不锈钢的组织和性能有显著影响,随着激光功率的增大,树枝晶间距增大,δ铁素体含量先增加后减少,抗拉强度先增大后减小,延伸率逐渐减小;当激光功率为400W时,单墙体中δ铁素体的含量最高,由于δ铁素体具有阻碍晶界、提高强度的作用,其抗拉强度最大值达561.8MPa,且能保持48.7%的塑性。同时,单墙体硬度值沿堆积方向呈先下降后稍微上升的趋势,当激光功率为400W时,维氏硬度最大值达194.7HV0.3。This study aims to investigate the effect of laser power on the microstructure and properties of 316L stainless steel fabricated by CMT arc additive manufacturing,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing the technology to produce 316L stainless steel components.316L stainless steel welding wire was used as the raw material,and single-wall samples were prepared under different laser powers using CMT arc additive manufacturing.The microstructure,phase composition,hardness,and tensile properties of the samples were analyzed using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy spectrometer,Vickers hardness tester,and tensile testing machine.The results show that laser power has a significant impact on the microstructure and properties of 316L stainless steel.The microstructure of 316 stainless steel single-wall is mainly composed of δ-ferrite and γ-austenite,with the central region being dendritic crystals.As the laser power increases,the distance between dendritic crystals increases,the content of δ-ferrite first increases and then decreases,the tensile strength first increases and then decreases,and the elongation rate gradually decreases.When the laser power is 400 W,the content ofδ-ferrite in the single-wall is the highest.Since δ-ferrite has the effect of hindering grain boundary movement to improve strength,its tensile strength reaches a maximum value of 561.8 MPa,and it can maintain 48.7%plasticity.At the same time,the hardness value of the single-wall shows a slight downward trend along the stacking direction,and when the laser power is 400 W,the Vickers hardness reaches a maximum value of 194.7 HV0.3.

关 键 词：激光功率 增材制造 316不锈钢 微观组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]