厚壁钛合金激光填丝焊研究现状及发展趋势  

The Current Status and Development Trend of Laser Filler Welding of Thick-walled Titanium Alloys

作　　者：董兵天 安子良 陈昊睿 武鹏博 罗玖田 牛董山钰 曹浩 DONG Bingtian;AN Ziliang;CHEN Haorui;WU Pengbo;LUO Jiutian;NIU Dongshanyu;CAO Hao(Gansu Nonferrous Metallurgical Vocational Technical College,Jinchang,Gansu 737100,China;Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College,Shanghai 201700,China;Beibu Gulf University,Qinzhou,Guangxi 535011,China;China National Machinery Group,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃有色冶金职业技术学院,甘肃金昌737100 [2]上海城建职业学院,上海201700 [3]北部湾大学,广西钦州535011 [4]中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《电焊机》2025年第2期46-57,69,共13页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFB3401100);国家自然科学基金(52261044);泰山产业领军人才工程专项经费资助(2024001)。

摘　　要：厚壁钛合金的需求随着深海装备趋向于大型化与轻量化日益增长,这促使了对钛合金结构优质高效焊接技术成为研究热点。本文对厚壁金属激光填丝焊接技术存在的问题进行归纳,包括侧壁未熔合、气孔和组织性能分布不均等缺陷,并总结了相应的解决方法,如优化焊接工艺参数、开发新型焊接材料和应用摆动激光技术等。研究发现,通过减小坡口角度、增大光斑直径和提升激光功率等方法可以有效抑制侧壁未熔合;通过调整焊接速度、激光功率和优化激光束摆动工艺等方法可以降低气孔率;通过焊后热处理或开发新型焊接材料等方法可以改善组织性能分布不均。未来研究应着重于开发新型焊接材料、优化摆动激光焊接工艺、揭示焊接接头组织性能分布规律和开发同步抑制焊接缺陷的手段,以进一步提高厚壁钛合金激光填丝焊接的质量和效率。The demand for thick-walled titanium alloys is increasing with the trend towards larger scale and lighter weight in deep-sea equipment,which has promoted the research on high-quality and efficient welding technology for titanium alloy structures.This paper summarizes the existing problems in laser filler welding technology for thick-walled metals,including defects such as incomplete fusion of side walls,porosity,and uneven distribution of tissue properties,and summarizes the corresponding solutions,such as optimizing welding process parameters,developing new welding materials,and applying oscillating laser technology.The study found that reducing the groove angle,increasing the spot diameter,and increasing the laser power can effectively suppress the incomplete fusion of side walls;adjusting the welding speed,laser power,and optimizing the laser beam oscillation process can reduce the porosity rate;improving the distribution of tissue properties can be achieved through post-welding heat treatment or the development of new welding materials.Future research should focus on developing new welding materials,optimizing oscillating laser welding processes,revealing the distribution patterns of tissue properties in welding joints,and developing means to simultaneously suppress welding defects,in order to further improve the quality and efficiency of laser filler welding of thick-walled titanium alloys.

关 键 词：钛合金 激光填丝焊 焊接缺陷 研究现状 发展趋势 

分 类 号：TG457.1[金属学及工艺—焊接]