电弧增材制造残余应力与变形调控研究现状  

Research Status on Residual Stress and Deformation Control in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

作　　者：张睿泽 俞楷 曾才有 王海波 从保强[2] ZHANG Ruize;YU Kai;ZENG Caiyou;WANG Haibo;CONG Baoqiang(Capital Aerospace Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100076,China;School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering,North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]首都航天机械有限公司,北京100076 [2]北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院,北京100191 [3]北方工业大学机械与材料工程学院,北京100144

出　　处：《电焊机》2025年第2期116-125,共10页Electric Welding Machine

摘　　要：电弧增材制造(WAAM)技术具有“材料-结构-功能”的特性,因而在航空航天等领域备受关注。然而,针对电弧增材制造构件的残余应力与变形的调控依然困难,是其发展的重要挑战。本文综述了WAAM构件变形与残余应力的形成机制,并从前处理调控、工艺过程中处理和后处理调控三个方面对电弧增材制造构件变形与残余应力的调控方法进行概括和总结。研究结果表明,通过优化路径规划、预热基板、控制预紧力、控制温度场、引入层间塑性变形、热处理和表面强化等方法,可以有效降低WAAM构件的残余应力,并提高其力学性能。本文还指出变形与残余应力仿真预测和实时测量技术是未来研究的重要方向,为WAAM技术的进一步发展提供新的思路。Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing(WAAM)technology,characterized by its"material-structure-function"integration,has garnered significant attention in fields such as aerospace.However,controlling residual stress and deformation in WAAM components remains a major challenge,hindering its development.This paper reviews the formation mechanisms of deformation and residual stress in WAAM components and summarizes control methods from three aspects:pre-processing,in-process,and post-processing.Research results indicate that optimizing path planning,preheating substrate,controlling preload,managing temperature field,introducing interlayer plastic deformation,heat treatment,and surface strengthening can effectively reduce residual stress and enhance mechanical properties.The paper also highlights that simulation prediction and real-time measurement of deformation and residual stress are critical future research directions,offering new insights for the further advancement of WAAM technology.

关 键 词：电弧增材制造 变形 残余应力 形成机制 调控方法 

分 类 号：TG444[金属学及工艺—焊接]