印度廓尔喀认同溯源及其地方民族主义构建  

The Origins of Gorkha Identity and the Construction of Local Nationalism in India

作　　者：蒋正 梁永佳 JIANG Zheng;LIANG Yong-jia

机构地区：[1]浙江大学,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2024年第4期94-104,共11页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“华夏视野下的高地族群的人类学研究”(批准号:24BSH060)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：廓尔喀运动自20世纪80年代起展现出印度地方民族主义的复杂性,尤其是在多国交界和多元文明交织的大吉岭地区。该运动经历两个重要阶段:第一次主要寻求建立独立的“廓尔喀邦”,聚焦共享土地和语言叙事;第二次则转型为“部落”策略,试图通过印度宪法第六附表获得自治。将此运动置于印度民族主义整体视野中,有助于深入分析其如何通过“例外”身份在现代民族-国家框架内争取文化与政治空间。廓尔喀运动的力量并非在于其话语与生活实践的契合,而正在于对现实保持的张力。由此进一步反思后殖民印度地方与国家、边缘与中心、多元与统一之间的韧性关系,凸显这一运动在理解印度政治走向及亚洲国族建构中的独特意义。The Gorkhaland movement,which began in the 1980s,exemplifies the complexity of regional nationalism in India,particularly in the culturally diverse and marginalized region of Darjeeling.This movement has gone through two significant phases:the first phase aimed at establish the independent state of"Gorkhaland",emphasizing a shared narrative of land and language,while the second phase shifted to a"tribal"strategy,seeking autonomy through"the Sixth Schedule"of the Indian Constitution.This paper situates the Gorkhaland movement within the broader context of Indian nationalism,analyzing how it leverages its"exceptional"identity to negotiate cultural and political space within the framework of a modern nation-state.The strength of the movement lies not in the alignment of its discourse with everyday practices but in its sustained tension with reality.This study thus reflects on the enduring tensions between local and national,marginal and central,and diversity and unity in postcolonial India,highlighting the movement's unique significance in understanding India's political trajectory and the complexities of nation-building across Asia.

关 键 词：印度 地方民族主义 大吉岭 廓尔喀运动 “表列部落” 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]