原初社群、历史记忆与文明:一个研究刍议  

Primordial Communities,Historical Memory and Civilization:A Tentative Suggestion

作　　者：王明珂 WANG Ming-ke

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学,青海西宁810007 [2]北京大学,北京100871

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2024年第4期114-124,共11页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：2022年国家社科基金重点项目“青藏地区和新疆之间两个游牧人群迁移中的民族交往交流交融研究”(批准号:22AMZ005)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于20世纪上半叶青藏高原东缘羌、藏村寨社会的“原初社群”特质,以及相关的“弟兄祖先历史”记忆,阐述其如何在一项正在进行的研究中,借着原初社群概念探讨全球人类文明的起源过程,以及进入文明后的原初社群与弟兄祖先历史遗痕。特别是,在此过程中纯血缘性社群与“英雄祖先历史”记忆如何让该人群成为创造文明的统治者家族,并将广大原初社群变成农村,以及其民众成为农民。以此强调由人类生态反思文明,其目的之一是将焦点由文明的上层物质与精神成就,转移至对此人类生态体系底层之农村与农民的关怀。Drawing on the author's extensive field research along the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau,this article explores the defining features of"primordial communities"in Qiang and Zang villages during the first half of the 20th century,along with the corresponding memory of"history of brethren ancestors".The article further discusses how the author,in an ongoing study,utilizes the concept of the primordial community to investigate the origins of global human civilizations and traces of primordial communities and ancestral histories in the civilizational era.Specifically,it examines how purely kinship-based communities and the memory of"heroic ancestor histories"enabled certain groups to emerge as the ruling families that shaped civilizations,transforming broader primordial communities into rural villages and their members into peasants.Ultimately,the article emphasizes the importance of reflexive thinking on civilization from a human-ecological perspective,aiming at shift the focus from the material and spiritual achievements of civilization's elite to a concern for the rural communities and peasants who occupy the lower strata of this human ecological system.

关 键 词：原初社群 文明 历史记忆 农民 山神崇拜 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]