明朝陆上丝路贸易的发展与维持因素——兼论贸易路线的演变  

Factors in the Development and Maintenance of the Overland Silk Road Trade during the Ming Dynasty--Discussing on the Evolution of Trade Routes

作　　者：牛海桢 王弘卓 NIU Hai-zhen;WANG Hong-zhuo

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2024年第4期183-193,共11页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“清朝新疆的移民问题与边疆开发研究”(批准号:19BZS128)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明朝时期,传统的丝绸之路贸易仍然保持相对稳定与发展,得益于贡赐贸易制度为核心的朝贡体系,陆上丝路贸易虽有反复,但一直没有断绝。维系明代陆上丝路贸易的积极因素包括朝贡制度下丰厚的赏赐规则、固定的朝贡路线、宽松的入境审查制度和明朝境内与中亚、南亚的驿站制度。在这些要素的共同促进下,明中叶以后虽然中亚与亦力把里地区政治局势风云变幻,明朝的边境也爆发哈密危机,但仍有西域与中亚、南亚各国使臣与商人们不惧艰险,按照朝贡制度的规定络绎不绝地前来贸易。因此,通过探究明朝境内外贸易路线的演变,也可窥见朝贡制度对商人与使者们在路线选择上的影响,从而加深对明代陆上丝路贸易的整体性认识。During the Ming Dynasty,traditional Silk Road trade remained relatively stable and developed,benefit from the tribute system centered on the tribute trade system.The Dverland Silk Road trade has been intermittent,but has not been stagnate.Positive factors that sustained the Ming Dynasty's Overland Silk Road trade included generous rules of rewards under the tribute system,fixed tribute routes,a lax system of censorship of entries,and a system of stagecoaches within the Ming Dynasty to Central and South Asia.Promoted by a combination of these factors,after the middle of the Ming Dynasty,although the political situation in Central Asia and the Yili Balia region put gradually ups and downs,the Ming Dynasty borders also broke out Hami crisis,there were still ambassadors and merchants from the western regions and Central and South Asian countries are not afraid of the difficulties and dangers of the endless stream of trade to come.Therefore,by exploring the evolution of trade routes within and outside theMingDynasty,we can also glimpse the influence of the tribute system on the choice of routes bymerchants and emissaries,thus deepening our understanding of theMingDynasty's overland silk road trade as awhole.

关 键 词：明代 陆上丝绸之路 维持因素 驿站 交通路线 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]