晚清循化厅社会纠纷综合化解机制中的半正式体系  

The Semi-Formal System of Social Dispute Resolution Mechanism of Xunhua Subprefecture in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张蓉[1] ZHANG Rong

机构地区：[1]长安大学,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2024年第4期212-221,共10页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“晚清西北民族走廊社会纠纷综合化解机制研究”(批准号:22CZS052);陕西省哲学社会科学研究项目“铸牢中华民族共同体意识的前沿问题研究”(批准号:2024HZ0559);中央高校科研项目“近代西北民族地区法律秩序与社会治理研究”(批准号:300102163606);长安大学研究生教改项目“党的二十大精神融入‘中共党史’课程的教育教学与实践研究”(批准号:300103140090);长安大学教育教学改革研究项目“党的二十大精神融入‘中国近代史纲要’教育教学与实践研究”(批准号:JG2023-23113)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：循化厅位于清朝州府县与藩部两大圈层的过渡和连接地带,是“跨体系社会”的一个典型缩影,多元且缺乏整合的基层社会带给厅治诸多考验。在各类社会纠纷的化解场景中,以国家法度、司法体系、官方审断等为代表的正式体系与以民族习惯法、乡规民约、民间调解等为代表的非正式体系融会贯通形成的半正式体系如影随形且无可替代。其运行过程中人员的全面配置、技术的灵活调整、制度的多种面向,以及范围的弹性伸缩缓冲了王朝国家“一统体制”与“有效治理”之间的矛盾,逐渐实现“多元”基础上的“一体”统合;而以平息纠纷为结果导向的治理逻辑也导致官方掌握的实际控制力长期受限。The Xunhua Subprefecture was in the transition and connection zone between inland counties and minority regions of the Qing Dynasty.It was a typical epitome of"cross-system society".The diverse and unintegrated grassroots society brought many tests to the administration.The semi-formal system,which constituted a synthesis of formal and informal legal traditions,was an indispensable instrument for the resolution of social disputes.It encompassed the formal system,exemplified by the state law,the judicial system,and official adjudication,and the informal system,exemplified by ethnic customary law,village regulations,and folk mediation.Its comprehensive allocation of personnel,the flexible adjustment of method,the multiple aspects of the system and the elastic expansion of the scope cushioned the contradiction between the"unified system"and"effective governance"of the unified multi-ethnic state,and gradually realized the unity and integration based on the diversity in the process of semi-formal system operation.However,the results-oriented governance logic of settling disputes had limited official actual control ability in the long run.

关 键 词：晚清 民族治理 社会纠纷 半正式体系 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]