家庭双轴结构中的财产分配体系  

Property Distribution System in the Dual-Axis Family Structure

作　　者：冉克平[1] RAN Keping

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2025年第1期118-136,共19页Chinese Journal of Law

摘　　要：婚姻家庭财产制度贯彻社会分配正义原则,并通过矫正正义实现财产的公平分配。西方现代化理论描绘的核心家庭模式,契合物权法与债法的价值与规则,趋向个人主义价值观和市场分配正义原则。中国现代之“家”是形分而神聚的直系家庭与直系组家庭,二者均呈现夫妻关系与代际关系双轴结构,该结构蕴含实现社会分配正义原则的重要功能。在父母子女之间的财产代际分配上,父母给付彩礼/嫁妆、为子女购房出资等,应当从财产代际流转的角度并结合赠与的报偿目的予以阐释。在夫妻之间的婚内财产分配上,夫妻共同共有制最有利于实现家庭双轴结构及社会分配正义原则之下整体家庭观的伦理期待与促进夫妻实质平等的分配功能。在离婚之际的婚姻财产分配上,离婚财产的法定分配体系与约定分配条款对债权人撤销权的参照适用,均应当以家庭双轴结构为背景进行多元利益衡量。尽管我国历经百余年的社会变革和法律继受,但是传统社会整体主义的“家”观念始终蕴藏于现代性内部。The marriage and family property system implements the principle of social distributive justice and realizes the fair distribution of property through corrective justice.The core family model described by western modernization theory is consistent with the values and rules of property law and debt law and tends towards individualistic values and the principle of market distributive justice.The modern Chinese"family"is a lineal or lineal group family that is dispersed in form but gathered in spirit.Both of them present a dual-axis family structure of spousal relationship and intergenerational relationship.This structure contains important functions for realizing the principle of social distributive justice.In the intergenerational distribution,parents'payment of betrothal gifts/dowries and financial support for the purchase of their children's houses should be explained from the perspective of intergenerational transfer of property and the purpose of gifts as a reciprocal act.In the spousal distribution of marital property,the joint ownership system best serves the realization of the ethical expectations of the overall family view under the dual-axis family structure and the principle of social distributive justice while promoting substantive equality in the distribution of property between spouses.In the case of divorce,the statutory property distribution system and contractual distribution clauses for divorce property,along with the application of the creditor's right of revocation,should be subject to a multidimensional interest balance within the context of the dual-axis family structure.Despite over a century of social transformation and legal inheritance in China,the traditional collectivist view of the"family"remains embedded within modernity.

关 键 词：直系家庭 直系组家庭 目的赠与 夫妻财产 夫妻债务 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]