论个人数据利益分配中的数据信托模式  

作　　者：富晓行 Fu Xiaoxing

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院 [2]上海交通大学中国法与社会研究院

出　　处：《东方法学》2025年第1期60-74,共15页Oriental Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“个人数据交易的私法构造研究”(项目批准号:23AFX014)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：我国数字经济发展迅速,数据产业蓬勃发展。但数据主体作为个人数据的生产主体和人格权主体,并不能参与个人数据的利益分配。这一方面是由于个人数据权属的不清晰,另一方面则是因为数据的本质特点而导致的定价困难。个人数据财产利益生发于数据主体的人格之上,需要建立从数据主体分享、转移至数据处理者的合理制度渠道。通过构建结构化的信托制度,数据处理者得以与数据主体共有个人数据上的财产利益;将数据处理者开展数据处理业务获取的利润归入信托财产并作为信托利益。应以优先级信托利益为基点建立专项资金池,并以数据主体集体利益的形式实现,同时由信托事务管理人根据信托文件的约定及受益人大会的决议进行管理,还需要数据信托事务管理机构对数据信托与受托人开展外部监督。China's rapid digital economy development has led to the growth of the data industry. However, the data subjects, as the producers of personal data and the subjects of personality rights, cannot participate in the distribution of personal data benefits. This is partly due to implicit ownership of personal data. And this is also partly due to the difficulty of pricing because of the intrinsic characteristics of the data. Personal data property benefits arise from the personality of the data subject and should establish reasonable institutional channels for sharing and transferring data from the data subject to the data processors. By constructing a structured trust system, data processors can share the property interests in personal data with data subjects. The profits obtained by data processors from data processing activities should be included in the trust property and treated as trust benefits. A special fund pool should be established based on priority trust benefits, which can be realized in the form of collective interests of the data subjects. The trust manager should manage the fund according to the terms of the trust document and the resolutions of the beneficiary's assembly, and external supervision should be carried out by data trust management agencies on both the data trust and the trustees.

关 键 词：数据信托 个人数据 数据经济 数据要素收益分配 数据处理者 信义义务 

分 类 号：DF51[政治法律—民商法学]